Monetary Policies and Banking Regulations in Cameroon free essay sample

Financial strategy is the program of activity attempted by fiscal specialists to control and manage the flexibly of cash and the progression of acknowledge to the general population for a view to accomplishing pre-decided macroeconomic goals. The goals of financial strategy are equivalent to those of macroeconomic approach, which include: Maintain a high development rate High pace of business Stabilization of costs, yield and work Ensure value in pay dissemination Balance of installments balance Stability of outside trade Money related instruments are commonly grouped under two classifications: Quantitative measures, and Qualitative or particular credit controls Quantitative proportions of fiscal control are additionally called ‘traditional’ quantifies and are the accompanying: Open market tasks Discount rate or bank rate approach Cash save proportion Qualitative or specific credit controls incorporate Credit apportioning/unique stores Change in loaning edges (affecting changes in required home loan property-land, building, shares and so forth ) Moral suasion Direct controls The transmission system portrays the diverts through which changes in cash gracefully sway the genuine factors of the economy. We will compose a custom paper test on Fiscal Policies and Banking Regulations in Cameroon or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The stages and manners by which changes in the cash gracefully influence the economy are liable to banter among financial specialists (for the most part the Keynesians and the monetarists). The Keynesian transmission instrument According to Keynes, an expansion in the gracefully of cash prompts an expansion in the money adjusts that individuals hold. Monetary operators utilize the abundance money adjusts to purchase budgetary resources (securities). An expansion in the interest for securities prompts an expansion in the costs of securities and a fall in the financing cost. The fall in financing costs prompts an expansion in venture by firms. The lower cost of obtaining may similarly empower family utilization spending. The expanded speculation and utilization increment total interest which thus builds yield with a multiplier impact. Hence as indicated by Keynes, the money related arrangement just influences AD in a roundabout way through changes in the financing cost. The Monetarist transmission component The monetarists accept that an expansion in cash flexibly has both an immediate and backhanded impacts. To the monetarists an expansion in cash flexibly will imply that financial specialists including the two firms and families will hold overabundance money adjusts which they will endeavor to spend. A portion of this spending will be on merchandise and ventures, for example, apparatus, land, vehicles, medicinal services, the travel industry, and so forth. This speaks to the immediate impact on going through of the expansion in cash gracefully and is known as the immediate transmission system. The expansion in cash gracefully will likewise will in general discourage financing costs. This will invigorate speculation and utilization further. This is the circuitous impact on spending, and is likewise alluded to as the roundabout transmission component. Banking guidelines are a type of government guideline which subject banks to specific necessities, limitations and rules. This administrative structure makes straightforwardness between banking organizations and the people and partnerships with whom they lead business, in addition to other things. Bank Supervision * expected to decrease moral perils * guarantees that banks face just reasonable challenges * controls cash flexibly Reserve Requirements * helps control the cash gracefully This paper analyzes the financial arrangement and banking guidelines in Cameroon. Fiscal approaches, banking guidelines and enactment in Cameroon have been intended to guarantee the security of the Banking framework and this includes a different scope of arrangements, rules, and guidelines. Presentation The graph underneath gives an outline of the Banking System in Cameroon. Review of the Banking Sector in Cameroon The Banking Sector in Cameroon is can be partitioned into two levels: The Supervisory/Regulatory Level and the Operational level. The fundamental administrative/administrative organizations which work in Cameroon are BEAC, MINFI, COBAC, NCC, APECCAM and ANEMCAM. They are responsible for setting and upholding the money related strategies of the CEMAC district and the financial guidelines in the nation. The operational level is comprised of vault and non-store foundations. These do the financial capacities in the nation. Storehouse organizations incorporate Commercial banks, Micro Financial Institutions (MFIs) and casual investment funds and credit frameworks referred to in the neighborhood speech as â€Å"njangis’ and â€Å"tontines’. These replace banks for some ancestral individuals, with reimbursement authorized by social weight. While non-storehouse foundations incorporate Special Funds like FEICOM, SNI, Credit Foncier and so on. The Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (or CEMAC from its French abbreviation: Communaute Economique et Monetaire de lAfrique Centrale), is an association of conditions of Central Africa set up by Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon to advance financial coordination among nations that share a typical money, the CFA franc. CEMAC advances the whole procedure of sub-local combination through the shaping of a financial association with the Central Africa CFA Franc as its regular money. CEMACs targets are the advancement of exchange, the foundation of a certifiable normal market, more noteworthy solidarity among people groups and towards under-special nations and areas. In 1994, CEMAC presented portion limitations and decreases in the range and measure of duties. As of now, CEMAC nations share a typical monetary, administrative, and legitimate structure, and keep up a typical outside tax on imports from non-CEMAC nations. In principle, levies have been wiped out on exchange inside CEMAC, however full execution of this has been deferred. Development of capital inside CEMAC is free. In 1989, these six Central African nations framed a money related association with the Bank of Central African States (BEAC) as the provincial national bank. These two bodies BEAC and CEMAC comprise some portion of the Franc zone. The franc zone is comprised of African expresses whose money related arrangement is being coordinated by France particularly in the space of conversion standard as for monetary forms of different nations, convertibility to different monetary forms, centralization of global trade stores and harmonization of guidelines. The Bank of the States of Central Africa (BEAC) is an African worldwide foundation administered by the show initiating the Monetary association of Central Africa (UMAC), the Convention of Monetary Cooperation went among France and six part States of this Union: Republic of Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo, Republic of Gabon, Republic of Equatorial Guinea and Republic of Chad. Money related Policy in Cameroon The bank of issue in the CEMAC area and Cameroon specifically is the Bank of the Central African States (Banque des Etats de lAfrique Central? BEAC), which supplanted the Central Bank of the State of Equatorial Africa and Cameroon in November 1972. Its home office are in Yaounde. In 1993, part conditions of the BEAC made a supranational administrative power, Commission Bancaire de lAfrique Centrale (COBAC) so as to make sure about the locales banking framework. The normal money CFA, is pegged to EURO at an equality pace of 1Euro=655FCFA. The essential target of BEAC is to keep up the fixed conversion scale system. The fulfillment of this goal is muddled by contrasts between the economies of CEMAC specifically corresponding to their reliance on oil sends out. Basic financial strategy is additionally exacerbated by constrained work and capital versatility between nations just as limitations in the development of residents across outskirts. Without bias to this goal, it brings its help of the general financial strategy turned out to be in the Union. The fundamental crucial BEAC contains: characterizing the fiscal arrangement of the Union; Monetary approach could be characterized as a Program of activity embraced by financial specialists to control and manage the gracefully of cash and the progression of acknowledge to people in general for a view to accomplishing macroeconomic destinations, for example, keeping up high development rate keeping up high pace of work guarantee value in salary appropriation Balance of installments balance Stability of outside trade giving banknotes and authority swapping scale and with absolving power in the Monetary association; Establishing the legislative issues of conversion scale of the Union; keep and deal with the official stores of conversion standard of Member states; advance the great working of the frameworks of installment and of guidelines. The show overseeing the Monetary Union of Central Africa and the Statutes of the BEAC give the forces of plan and usage of fiscal approach in the Franc Zone. The Monetary Policy Committee is the BEAC Decision-production body on fiscal arrangement and the board of remote trade saves. Its strategic obligations just as its organization and rules of activity are determined in the Statutes of the Bank and its Rules of Procedure. The fundamental obligations of the Monetary Policy Committee are to: †¢ Define the procedure and destinations of fiscal approach and arrangement the executives of remote trade saves just as the modalities of their usage; †¢ Set the states of mediation of the Central Bank; †¢ Require credit establishments to hold least saves; †¢ Explain the terms of execution by the Central Bank: loaning or acquiring cash, and the states of procurement exchanges and offer of gold and those upheld by the Central Bank to the part states for the issuance and the board of government protections †¢ Proceed, if vital, to reexamine the procedures of National Committees Monetary and Financial in fiscal pol

Decriminalizing Homosexuality Essay Example

Decriminalizing Homosexuality Essay Sanctioning Homosexuality The universe will in general travel on an indulgence when something Wyrd or unnatural surfaces and everybody needs to give their supposition about it. Something like this which starts the miracle of each conceivable kind of individual be it a hater or a hero, is the subject of homosexualism. News purposes of all habits went into a tornado with some USA areas legitimizing gay marriages and followed with numerous a figure of medications from everywhere throughout the universe which would non hold surfaced otherwise. Be that as it may, a reality people appear to miss out on is the forced condemnable nature of this purported abnormalcy which is as yet a broad impression. It is intriguing how a few states are driving toward endorsing same sex marriages while others are drawing the Torahs rearward and depicting that being a segment of the Lesbian Gay Bisexual and Transgender ( LGBT ) network is a definitive offense. In a cultural setting where partiality of various types is disallowed by t he supposed cosmopolitan presentations, condemning homosexualism is double-dealing. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights ( UDHR ) , which every individual from this association is obliged to cling to, gladly states in Article 9 of their sanction, All human presences are brought into the world free and equivalent in sense of pride and rights†¦ However the part states appear to hold completely overlooked or disregarded the way that the LGBT people group unnecessarily comprises of individual universes. I can genuinely express that the LGBT people group is non without a doubt equivalent in sense of pride and rights and however they may hold been brought into the world free they are positively non populating free for they are recognized as criminals. In this manner condemning homosexualism isn't right since it approves that homosexualism is inaccurate, it makes the LGBT people group helpless against a wide range of abuse and all these mean the wrongdoing of human rights. We will compose a custom exposition test on Decriminalizing Homosexuality explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Decriminalizing Homosexuality explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Decriminalizing Homosexuality explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Condemning homosexualism adds the most grounded point to the individuals who endeavor to turn out that being a segment of the fagot network is off base. The unimportant being of the LGBT people group is viewed as a hazard to the general public which forces 76 states to condemn private, consensual same-sex connections and for 5 states to uphold the perish discipline on same-sex sexual exercises ( Speak up equality. 1 ) . In its least difficult sense, a specific kind of affection which individuals accept to be unnatural and ill-advised is viewed as an offense doing any individual who takes part in it a condemnable and in this manner endeavors it as something unlawful. Envision holding to populate with the sentiment of being a condemnable your entire life, looking to fence the law just for the enthusiasm of securing you and your adored one and keeping up out of the dull cells of detainment. That is simply a glimpse of something larger of the issues looked by gay individuals in a general public where they are wrongdoers no issue how much good they do. The United Nations Human Rights Council passed a revelation on the side of gay rights in June 2011 ( UN passes ; UN Human ) . Despite the fact that it is non straight identified with decriminalization of homosexualism, there are significant comments made on the crossroads which consider the inadequacy of execution of this sanctioning under the premises or all the more precisely biass, that the subject itself is unscrupulous. The Nigerian agent to the Council, Mr. Ositadinma Anaedu communicated his situation on the issue with, We are covering with an undertaking that falls outside of human rights ( UN passes equality. 4 ; UN Human equality. 6 ) . The resolution’s point of convergence was to stop preference and power dependent on sexual direction and sex independence ( UN passes equality. 2 ; UN Human equality. 4 ) and obviously these builds rotate around human presences. However, fitting to Mr. Anaedu it is non even deserving of consideration in a treatment of human rights . To set icing on the bar, great increasingly like a dab of malodorous pick, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation takes these cases a little more distant. Their agent, Pakistani Shafqat Ali Khan remarked We are sincerely worried at the push to present to the United Nations a few impressions that have no lawful establishment in any worldwide human rights instrument. ( UN passes para.4 ; UN Human equality. 7 ) . Not simply are they purpose on naming the LGBT people group as criminals, they appear to hold no stores about doing them appear to be cold or in an oil sense, energize creatures. This undesirable mentality shared by numerous and some of the time even drove by individuals of approval as in this example, demo how the condemnable idea of being gay cements the misinterpretation that it is mistaken. All the while, the LGBT people group gets powerless against a wide range of abuse because of the condemning of homosexualism. Sri Lanka’s reformatory codification has been express to the best of their ability when it expresses the condemnable idea of Whoever intentionally has creature intercourse against the request for nature†¦. to be condemned with detainment of up to 10 mature ages ( Penal Code pg. 389E ) . In spite of the being of such a condemnable charge, homosexualism being condemned may sound outsider to the general hoards, yet the wrongdoing of having a place with the LGBT people group is winning anyway because of the inferred idea of the country’s condemnable Torahs. A 39 twelvemonth old Lesbian named Roshmi divides her caustic involvement in Women’s Support Group which supports and promoters LBT people in Sri Lanka. In the Group’s article Not Gon na Take It Liing Down’ she expresses My partner’s family unit coercively attempte d to give her pills and clinical claim to fame to bring around her. They attempted extremely hard to adjust her into a hetero Twice she was exposed to electro-stun treatment. ( pg. 1 ) . These unfeeling activities are non just signifiers of abuse, it is power. The casualty has been exposed to physical and passionate power when her family’ thought to change’ her sex. As Equal Ground, a non-benefit association in the state moving in the direction of achieving equivalent rights for the LGBT people group in Sri Lanka puts it, by fail to help the LGBT people group from bias, detest offenses, and constrained marriages the state has damaged the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ( Human pg. 1 ; ICCPR ) . A state which is an arrangement part to any kind of global agreement is to the full mindful of the way that, once it has marked, approved and got to a settlement, it can non conflict with the substance without being censured by the worldwide network. In any case, as homosexualism is condemned in Sri Lanka, it gives a major escape clause through which the shamefulness toward the LGBT people group is made conceivable. In spite of the fact that the human rights wrongdoings of the LGBT people group done by the administrations do non come up except if burrowed further, the regular utilization of profoundly coarse and violative names to put individuals from the strange network which one can hear, other than comes from the opportunity offered by the criminalisation of homosexualism. It is somewhat dry as in, where the fagot network is concerned the maltreaters are guiltless while the casualties are the criminals. Further, condemning homosexualism clears the way to the wrongdoing of human rights. Lauren Cole Parke who is the LGBTQ Rights Researcher for Political Research Associates situated in USA, brings to illume how the constabulary do non require a legitimate ground to point individuals from the LGBT people group. She presents the mode where Monica Jones, a transgender grown-up female was captured in Phoenix, Arizona for strolling while trans ( From para.2 ) . In its essential sense, it is a condemnable offense for an individual from the fagot network to travel openly inside the general public. This reality is referenced in Amnesty International’s concentrate on the undertaking as Transgender grown-up females are made powerless against be taken into detainment by the constabulary, who considers them to be cocottes due to the policemen’s ain individual and shaded assumptions ( Stonewalled pg. 16 equality. 2 ) . In any case, the turn in this case is non the negligible idea of a bstract and preferential recognitions which is inescapable until the universe completely sheds away its homophobia, yet the way that condemning of homosexualism has given the constabulary a green obvious radiation to move out these terrible anxieties which damage Article 9 of the UDHR, No one will be exposed to subjective trepidation, confinement or outcast. The revelation may tout about everybody having a similar arrangement of human rights yet it will emphatically be constrained into quietness on this point when the injustice is go oning in wide daytime. One may reason that criminalisation and human rights wrongdoing do non remain on a similar evaluation however disappointingly as for the fagot network, one factor at long last prompts the other. This misfortune is dishonest in light of the fact that, even the outlets who are given the expire discipline are currently being allowed their entitlement to life, yet the LGBT people group in perniciousness of being non even remotely tant amount to the existent criminals, is non even conceded their fundamental rights as universes. Sanctioning homosexualism could be the primary measure from a wide perspective, which will take to non-separation and further, confidence of the LGBT people group known to man in clasp to come. In any case, the air ebbs and flows of adjustment have non had the option to completely blow over the legitimate obstruction which drifts over the fagots with an enormous decoration uncovering the w

Video tasks on the learning dashboard

Video tasks on the learning dashboard Khan Academy is now introducing video tasks on the learning dashboard. Prior to this release, the mission dashboard consisted exclusively of practice and mastery tasksproblems to practice and interact with the skills. If a student didn’t know how to do a particular exercise, they would have to rely on the video in the specific skill or manually look up the video, and there was no way to know ahead of time which videos are particularly useful and which aren’t. With this in mind, we decided to research which videos on our site are most effective in helping people learn. We then wanted to explore how we could make sure students see these videos when trying to learn related skills. Many of our exercises are tagged with “curated related videos”â€"videos that are hand-selected as related to the exercise. Using this as a starting point, we looked at all the videos that were already tagged as related to any exercise. For each of these videos, we compared the accuracy on its associated exercise both before watching the video and after watching it. From there, we selected the top fifty most effective videos, each improving the accuracy on its associated exercise by at least twenty percent, and are now highlighting them on the mission dashboard. When the system recommends an exercise with an associated video on the list of our top fifty related videos, it will automatically recommend the related video as well. Similarly, when an exercise with an associated video task is manually added to a student’s list of exercises as a personal task, the video task will also be added automatically. A student might watch the video before attempting the exercise, which is why we place the video tasks immediately above its associated exercise. Alternatively, a student may want to attempt the exercise first, and if they struggle with the exercise then they can close it out temporarily and watch the video before trying again. If a student doesn’t need to watch the video, the video task can disappear in three ways. If the student watches the video, the video task will never reappear for that student. The student can also remove the video task without watching it and it will never again be shown to them. Finally, if the student completes the associated exercise and renavigates to the mission dashboard (refreshing the page, e.g.), the video task will also go away. However, in this last scenario, if the exercise ever reappears on the mission dashboard of this student, the video task will also return. We sincerely hope you find this update as exciting and useful as we do!

Analysis of John F Kennedys 1961 Inaugural Speech

John F Kennedys Inaugural Speech (1961) As a student, I have always been interested in history and sociology, two fields of study that I think overlaps each other and personally, provides me with invaluable knowledge about human societys actions in past generations and these actions repercussions or ripples of effect these actions have in the future or present day. I am particularly interested in the period in human history wherein modernism was challenged by socialism, manifested in history through the spread of Communism/Socialism in Eastern Europe, Asia, and South America. It was also during this period in the 1960s that the United States became actively engaged in a campaign against Communism. It is in this context that I found great relevance and interest then-President John F Kennedys speech about the US governments containment policy on Communist countries and its anti-Communism stance in international politics. Listening and reading to JFKs Inaugural Address in 1961, and with the Cold War context in mind while listening to his speech, it is apparent that during this time, JFK, as the leader of the state and campaign for containment of Communist countries, was gradually building the momentum towards advocating for an anti-Communism stance in his speech. As the beacon of liberty and freedom, as well as capitalism, the United States as a country emulated the principles of modernism, an ideology which Communism stood against for and had criticized. As the leaderShow MoreRelatedEssay about John F. Kennedy Analysis704 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Leah Moore JFK Inaugural Address Analysis President John F. Kennedy gave his inaugural address on a January afternoon in 1961. His speech includes many rhetorical devices—included to help convey Kennedy’s subject to his audience. The subject is that human rights are determined by God, rather than the government. 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Woody Anderson University On January 20, 1961, John Fitzgerald Kennedy delivered a speech with a backdrop of snow and a twenty-degree wind blowing in his face in Washington D.C. In his speech, he starts off with saying that his victory is not for a party but it is for freedom. At the climax of his speech, JFK delivers a call to action which is also the most well-known line from his speech: â€Å"†¦ask not what yourRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of John F. Kennedy s Inaugural Address971 Words   |  4 PagesA Rhetorical Analysis of John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address By 1961, The United States of America was struggling with racial tension and social inequalities, while fighting communism internationally and protecting the public from the weapons and devices of our adversaries abroad. Confusion and fear had invaded the minds of the American people as the cold war neared its pinnacle; they were desperate for a strong, reassuring leader. John F. 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When attempting to motivateRead MoreInspirational Tools Of An Inspiration Leader1531 Words   |  7 PagesRobert King ENG W131 9/14/15 The Inspirational tools of an Inspiration Leader Intro On January 20, 1961, President John F. Kennedy was sworn into office and delivered one of the most famous and remembered inaugural addresses in U.S. history. Kennedy was motivated to calm fears about the rise of Soviet power during the 1950`s. With his elaborated speech he called upon American citizens to act in support of their government. The motivation for American citizens to defend freedom and democracy introduced

Psychological Effects of Terrorism - 1797 Words

The terrorist attacks in London Thursday served as a jarring reminder that in todays world, you never know what you might see when you pick up the newspaper or turn on the TV. Disturbing images of terror can trigger a visceral response no matter how close or far away from home the event happened. Throughout history, every military conflict has involved psychological warfare in one way or another as the enemy sought to break the morale of their opponent. But thanks to advances in technology, the popularity of the Internet, and proliferation of news coverage, the rules of engagement in this type of mental battle have changed. Whether its a massive attack or a single horrific act, the effects of psychological warfare arent limited to the†¦show more content†¦We walk around, psychologically, in a bubble, and that bubble represents our belief system and values, says Figley. Most often we assume incorrectly that other people have the same values and social niceties as we do. When that is violated or challenged, the first response is usually an effort to protect our beliefs and, in other words, to deny that it actually happened. When confronted with proof of terror, such as pictures of atrocities, Figley says there are a few different ways in which people typically react: —Suggest that the perpetrators are not like us in any way, that they are inhumane. —Become fearful in the sense that they feel that they are living in an uncaring and unsafe world because the bar of inhumanity has been lowered even further. —Believe that its only a temporary manifestation that can be explained away or deconstructed by specific things that have taken place, such as if we hadnt done this, then that would not have happened. Its uncomfortable believing that the world is less safe, so we have to imagine or construct a scenario that will allow us to feel more safe again and resist change, says Figley. How to Cope Experts say the key to coping with psychological terror is to find a healthy balance. When people are stressed, there is a temptation to lose touch with reality and to blur the boundary between reality and fantasy, says Haroun. He says the reality might beShow MoreRelatedTerrorism And Its Effects On The World And Society1385 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent definitions of terrorism. Terrorism is mostly associated with murder and killings by a certain religious group. It would mostly target a certain group of people or politics. Terrorism started with radical ideas of a certain party and it would slowly grow into an organization. America is not the only country who had experienced terrorism. There is Northern Ireland, Africa, China, and other countries as well. There has been one central main point about terrorism, that it would kill many civiliansRead MoreWhy Suicide Terrorism Is An Effective Tactic1354 Words   |  6 PagesCritically examine why suicide terrorism is such an effective tactic. Over the past decades suicide terrorism has confirmed its effective tactic and it is seem to be developing and growing movement. Terrorism is designed to cause panic within people, communities and countries but also to gain the publicity through media. Suicide terrorism, more than other forms of terrorist activities is presenting determination and dedication both of dying by individual terrorist as well as the desire to killRead MoreTerrorism and Weapons of Terror1610 Words   |  6 PagesTerrorism and Weapons of Terror: An Examination Contemporary Americans are aware that they live in the age of terrorism, and this is a far different type of social tension that was experienced during Viet Nam or during the Cold War. The current era is characterized by a very different kind of threat: not a new one by any means, but a threat that has the means to carry out massively destructive acts unbridled by the interests, form and structure of a state. The terrorist threat is a brute useRead MoreCyber Terrorism And Threats Of Information System1688 Words   |  7 PagesCyber-Terrorism and Threats to Information System National security has been top priority of the United States after World War II. This is due to the fact that the United States before this time was relatively an isolationist country with no influence in the world. As a result national security was not important, this changed post World War II. The United States found themselves among the top, overnight they went from being new and not listened to, to becoming one of the major players in the worldRead MoreThe Effects Of Terrorism On The United States897 Words   |  4 Pagesincrease numbers of terrorism. Countries around the world are becoming more in favor of securing their border and bring in less and less immigrants. This sentiment has been gradually increasing over the years. However, one country government openly welcomed Syrian refugees and that nation is Germany. S. Akbarzadeh, and D. Conduit, (2016) state that more than 4.8 million refugees are living outside Syria, and many more are displaced in the country. Many countrie s now realize the effect the war has hadRead MoreThe Psychology Of Al Qaeda Leadership From Osama Bin Laden Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pagesessay will describe the psychological, and behavior factors in terrorism, while listing the motivating factors behind them. The means of communication, and influence behind the narratives that would inspire future acts of terrorism. The factors of the psychology of the Al Qaeda leadership from Osama Bin Laden. This paper will also compare and contrast the radicalization models that would explain terrorist motives. And finally the factors of the disengagement of terrorism, and the processes behindRead More Motives For Terrorism Essay1084 Words   |  5 Pages Terrorism is a type of violence used tactically in peace, conflict, and war. The threat of terrorism is ever present, and an attack is likely to occur when least expected. In trying to find out what factors can cause an individual to choose terrorism, it is first necessary to define what te rrorism is. The Department of Defense defines terrorism as â€Å"the calculated use of violence or threat of violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit ofRead MoreViolence Is A Quality And Characteristic Of Mankind1457 Words   |  6 Pagesare affecting more than 3billion of Muslim lives in today’s world? While international  terrorism  started before 9/11, terrorism association with Islam was often limited to the  Palestinian-Israeli conflict or other factor that did not associate with Islam globally. â€Å"On the domestic front, homegrown terrorism evoked images of white males such as Timothy McVeigh and the Unabomber† (Sahar Aziz). In other word terrorism was not one group of people problem, anybody could be considering as terrorist priorRead MoreAmericas Effects On Homeland Security1698 Words   |  7 PagesAmericas’ Effects Homeland security was founded under the Bush administration in 2003 due the attacks of September 11 was forever stay in the mind of the American public. It was a tragic event that scared the nation. The 9-11 attacks claimed 2,996 lives that included 19 hijackers. Neria, DiGrande, Adams, (2011) reported that an extensive amount of the post-9/11 research revealed that in the subsequent 10 years, individuals with greater contact to 9/11 had substantially higher PTSD issues. The PTSDRead MoreDomestic Terrorism Is America s Greatest Threat : Mass Shootings And Hate Crimes1389 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic Terrorism is America s Greatest Threat: Mass Shootings and Hate Crimes I. Introduction The United States has been in a national state of emergency fighting a war on terrorism since September 11, 2001. The intelligence communities have pursued and tracked down terrorist suspects who pose a direct threat to this country, yet one of the greatest threat to this country is the astronomical number of mass shootings and hate crimes that have occurred in this country post 9/11. The United

The Da Vinci Code Chapter 10-12 Free Essays

string(86) " out into an expansive vista, and tumbling down a barren mountainside into the woods\." CHAPTER 10 Silas sat behind the wheel of the black Audi the Teacher had arranged for him and gazed out at the great Church of Saint-Sulpice. Lit from beneath by banks of floodlights, the church’s two bell towers rose like stalwart sentinels above the building’s long body. On either flank, a shadowy row of sleek buttresses jutted out like the ribs of a beautiful beast. We will write a custom essay sample on The Da Vinci Code Chapter 10-12 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The heathens used a house of God to conceal their keystone.Again the brotherhood had confirmed their legendary reputation for illusion and deceit. Silas was looking forward to finding the keystone and giving it to the Teacher so they could recover what the brotherhood had long ago stolen from the faithful. How powerful that will make Opus Dei. Parking the Audi on the deserted Place Saint-Sulpice, Silas exhaled, telling himself to clear his mind for the task at hand. His broad back still ached from the corporal mortification he had endured earlier today, and yet the pain was inconsequential compared with the anguish of his life before Opus Dei had saved him. Still, the memories haunted his soul. Release your hatred, Silas commanded himself. Forgive those who trespassed against you. Looking up at the stone towers of Saint-Sulpice, Silas fought that familiar undertow†¦ that force that often dragged his mind back in time, locking him once again in the prison that had been his world as a young man. The memories of purgatory came as they always did, like a tempest to his senses†¦ the reek of rotting cabbage, the stench of death, human urine and feces. The cries of hopelessness against the howling wind of the Pyrenees and the soft sobs of forgotten men. Andorra, he thought, feeling his muscles tighten. Incredibly, it was in that barren and forsaken suzerain between Spain and France, shivering in his stone cell, wanting only to die, that Silas had been saved. He had not realized it at the time. The light came long after the thunder. His name was not Silas then, although he didn’t recall the name his parents had given him. He had left home when he was seven. His drunken father, a burly dockworker, enraged by the arrival of an albino son, beat his mother regularly, blaming her for the boy’s embarrassing condition. When the boy tried to defend her, he too was badly beaten. One night, there was a horrific fight, and his mother never got up. The boy stood over his lifeless mother and felt an unbearable up-welling of guilt for permitting it to happen. This is my fault! As if some kind of demon were controlling his body, the boy walked to the kitchen and grasped a butcher knife. Hypnotically, he moved to the bedroom where his father lay on the bed in a drunken stupor. Without a word, the boy stabbed him in the back. His father cried out in pain and tried to roll over, but his son stabbed him again, over and over until the apartment fell quiet. The boy fled home but found the streets of Marseilles equally unfriendly. His strange appearance made him an outcast among the other young runaways, and he was forced to live alone in the basement of a dilapidated factory, eating stolen fruit and raw fish from the dock. His only companions were tattered magazines he found in the trash, and he taught himself to read them. Over time, he grew strong. When he was twelve, another drifter – a girl twice his age – mocked him on the streets and attempted to steal his food. The girl found herself pummeled to within inches of her life. When the authorities pulled the boy off her, they gave him an ultimatum – leave Marseilles or go to juvenile prison. The boy moved down the coast to Toulon. Over time, the looks of pity on the streets turned to looks of fear. The boy had grown to a powerful young man. When people passed by, he could hear them whispering to one another. A ghost, they would say, their eyes wide with fright as they stared at his white skin. A ghost with the eyes of a devil! And he felt like a ghost†¦ transparent†¦ floating from seaport to seaport. People seemed to look right through him. At eighteen, in a port town, while attempting to steal a case of cured ham from a cargo ship, he was caught by a pair of crewmen. The two sailors who began to beat him smelled of beer, just as his father had. The memories of fear and hatred surfaced like a monster from the deep. The young man broke the first sailor’s neck with his bare hands, and only the arrival of the police saved the second sailor from a similar fate. Two months later, in shackles, he arrived at a prison in Andorra. You are as white as a ghost, the inmates ridiculed as the guards marched him in, naked and cold. Mira el espectro! Perhaps the ghost will pass right through these walls! Over the course of twelve years, his flesh and soul withered until he knew he had become transparent. I am a ghost. I am weightless. Yo soy un espectro†¦palido coma una fantasma†¦caminando este mundo a solas. One night the ghost awoke to the screams of other inmates. He didn’t know what invisible force was shaking the floor on which he slept, nor what mighty hand was trembling the mortar of his stone cell, but as he jumped to his feet, a large boulder toppled onto the very spot where he had been sleeping. Looking up to see where the stone had come from, he saw a hole in the trembling wall, and beyond it, a vision he had not seen in over ten years. The moon. Even while the earth still shook, the ghost found himself scrambling through a narrow tunnel, staggering out into an expansive vista, and tumbling down a barren mountainside into the woods. You read "The Da Vinci Code Chapter 10-12" in category "Essay examples" He ran all night, always downward, delirious with hunger and exhaustion. Skirting the edges of consciousness, he found himself at dawn in a clearing where train tracks cut a swath across the forest. Following the rails, he moved on as if dreaming. Seeing an empty freight car, he crawled in for shelter and rest. When he awoke the train was moving. How long? How far?A pain was growing in his gut. Am I dying? He slept again. This time he awoke to someone yelling, beating him, throwing him out of the freight car. Bloody, he wandered the outskirts of a small village looking in vain for food. Finally, his body too weak to take another step, he lay down by the side of the road and slipped into unconsciousness. The light came slowly, and the ghost wondered how long he had been dead. A day? Three days? It didn’t matter. His bed was soft like a cloud, and the air around him smelled sweet with candles. Jesus was there, staring down at him. I am here, Jesus said. The stone has been rolled aside, and you are born again. He slept and awoke. Fog shrouded his thoughts. He had never believed in heaven, and yet Jesus was watching over him. Food appeared beside his bed, and the ghost ate it, almost able to feel the flesh materializing on his bones. He slept again. When he awoke, Jesus was still smiling down, speaking. You are saved, my son.Blessed are those who follow my path. Again, he slept. It was a scream of anguish that startled the ghost from his slumber. His body leapt out of bed, staggered down a hallway toward the sounds of shouting. He entered into a kitchen and saw a large man beating a smaller man. Without knowing why, the ghost grabbed the large man and hurled him backward against a wall. The man fled, leaving the ghost standing over the body of a young man in priest’s robes. The priest had a badly shattered nose. Lifting the bloody priest, the ghost carried him to a couch. â€Å"Thank you, my friend,† the priest said in awkward French. â€Å"The offertory money is tempting for thieves. You speak French in your sleep. Do you also speak Spanish?† The ghost shook his head. â€Å"What is your name?† he continued in broken French. The ghost could not remember the name his parents had given him. All he heard were the taunting gibes of the prison guards. The priest smiled. â€Å"No hay problema.My name is Manuel Aringarosa. I am a missionary from Madrid. I was sent here to build a church for the Obra de Dios.† â€Å"Where am I?† His voice sounded hollow.† Oviedo. In the north of Spain.† â€Å"How did I get here?† â€Å"Someone left you on my doorstep. You were ill. I fed you. You’ve been here many days.† The ghost studied his young caretaker. Years had passed since anyone had shown any kindness. â€Å"Thank you, Father.† The priest touched his bloody lip. â€Å"It is I who am thankful, my friend.† When the ghost awoke in the morning, his world felt clearer. He gazed up at the crucifix on the wall above his bed. Although it no longer spoke to him, he felt a comforting aura in its presence. Sitting up, he was surprised to find a newspaper clipping on his bedside table. The article was in French, a week old. When he read the story, he filled with fear. It told of an earthquake in the mountains that had destroyed a prison and freed many dangerous criminals. His heart began pounding. The priest knows who I am! The emotion he felt was one he had not felt for some time. Shame. Guilt. It was accompanied by the fear of being caught. He jumped from his bed. Where do I run? â€Å"The Book of Acts,† a voice said from the door. The ghost turned, frightened. The young priest was smiling as he entered. His nose was awkwardly bandaged, and he was holding out an old Bible. â€Å"I found one in French for you. The chapter is marked.† Uncertain, the ghost took the Bible and looked at the chapter the priest had marked. Acts 16. The verses told of a prisoner named Silas who lay naked and beaten in his cell, singing hymns to God. When the ghost reached Verse 26, he gasped in shock. â€Å"†¦ And suddenly, there was a great earthquake, so that the foundations of the prison were shaken, and all the doors fell open.† His eyes shot up at the priest. The priest smiled warmly. â€Å"From now on, my friend, if you have no other name, I shall call you Silas.† The ghost nodded blankly. Silas.He had been given flesh. My name is Silas. â€Å"It’s time for breakfast,† the priest said. â€Å"You will need your strength if you are to help me build this church.† Twenty thousand feet above the Mediterranean, Alitalia flight 1618 bounced in turbulence, causing passengers to shift nervously. Bishop Aringarosa barely noticed. His thoughts were with the future of Opus Dei. Eager to know how plans in Paris were progressing, he wished he could phone Silas. But he could not. The Teacher had seen to that. â€Å"It is for your own safety,† the Teacher had explained, speaking in English with a French accent. â€Å"I am familiar enough with electronic communications to know they can be intercepted. The results could be disastrous for you.† Aringarosa knew he was right. The Teacher seemed an exceptionally careful man. He had not revealed his own identity to Aringarosa, and yet he had proven himself a man well worth obeying. After all, he had somehow obtained very secret information. The names of the brotherhood’s fourtop members! This had been one of the coups that convinced the bishop the Teacher was truly capable of delivering the astonishing prize he claimed he could unearth. â€Å"Bishop,† the Teacher had told him,† I have made all the arrangements. For my plan to succeed, you must allow Silas to answer only to me for several days. The two of you will not speak. I will communicate with him through secure channels.† â€Å"You will treat him with respect?† â€Å"A man of faith deserves the highest.† â€Å"Excellent. Then I understand. Silas and I shall not speak until this is over.† â€Å"I do this to protect your identity, Silas’s identity, and my investment.† â€Å"Your investment?† â€Å"Bishop, if your own eagerness to keep abreast of progress puts you in jail, then you will be unable to pay me my fee.† The bishop smiled. â€Å"A fine point. Our desires are in accord. Godspeed.† Twenty million euro,the bishop thought, now gazing out the plane’s window. The sum was approximately the same number of U. S. dollars. A pittance for something so powerful. He felt a renewed confidence that the Teacher and Silas would not fail. Money and faith were powerful motivators. CHAPTER 11 â€Å"Une plaisanterie numerique?† Bezu Fache was livid, glaring at Sophie Neveu in disbelief. A numeric joke?† Your professional assessment of Sauniere’s code is that it is some kind of mathematical prank?† Fache was in utter incomprehension of this woman’s gall. Not only had she just barged in on Fache without permission, but she was now trying to convince him that Sauniere, in his final moments of life, had been inspired to leave a mathematical gag? â€Å"This code,† Sophie explained in rapid French,† is simplistic to the point of absurdity. Jacques Sauniere must have known we would see through it immediately.† She pulled a scrap of paper from her sweater pocket and handed it to Fache. â€Å"Here is the decryption.† Fache looked at the card. 1-1-2-3-5-8-13-21 â€Å"This is it?† he snapped. â€Å"All you did was put the numbers in increasing order!† Sophie actually had the nerve to give a satisfied smile. â€Å"Exactly.† Fache’s tone lowered to a guttural rumble. â€Å"Agent Neveu, I have no idea where the hell you’re going with this, but I suggest you get there fast.† He shot an anxious glance at Langdon, who stood nearby with the phone pressed to his ear, apparently still listening to his phone message from the U.S. Embassy. From Langdon’s ashen expression, Fache sensed the news was bad. â€Å"Captain,† Sophie said, her tone dangerously defiant,† the sequence of numbers you have in your hand happens to be one of the most famous mathematical progressions in history.† Fache was not aware there even existed a mathematical progression that qualified as famous, and he certainly didn’t appreciate Sophie’s off-handed tone. â€Å"This is the Fibonacci sequence,† she declared, nodding toward the piece of paper in Fache’s hand.† A progression in which each term is equal to the sum of the two preceding terms.† Fache studied the numbers. Each term was indeed the sum of the two previous, and yet Fache could not imagine what the relevance of all this was to Sauniere’s death. â€Å"Mathematician Leonardo Fibonacci created this succession of numbers in the thirteenth-century. Obviously there can be no coincidence that all of the numbers Sauniere wrote on the floor belong to Fibonacci’s famous sequence.† Fache stared at the young woman for several moments. â€Å"Fine, if there is no coincidence, would you tell me why Jacques Sauniere chose to do this. What is he saying? What does this mean?† She shrugged. â€Å"Absolutely nothing. That’s the point. It’s a simplistic cryptographic joke. Like taking the words of a famous poem and shuffling them at random to see if anyone recognizes what all the words have in common.† Fache took a menacing step forward, placing his face only inches from Sophie’s. â€Å"I certainly hope you have a much more satisfying explanation than that.† Sophie’s soft features grew surprisingly stern as she leaned in. â€Å"Captain, considering what you have at stake here tonight, I thought you might appreciate knowing that Jacques Sauniere might be playing games with you. Apparently not. I’ll inform the director of Cryptography you no longer need our services.† With that, she turned on her heel, and marched off the way she had come. Stunned, Fache watched her disappear into the darkness. Is she out of her mind? Sophie Neveu had just redefined le suicide professionnel. Fache turned to Langdon, who was still on the phone, looking more concerned than before, listening intently to his phone message. The U. S.Embassy.Bezu Fache despised many things†¦ but few drew more wrath than the U. S. Embassy. Fache and the ambassador locked horns regularly over shared affairs of state – their most common battleground being law enforcement for visiting Americans. Almost daily, DCPJ arrested American exchange students in possession of drugs, U. S. businessmen for soliciting underage Prostitutes, American tourists for shoplifting or destruction of property. Legally, the U. S. Embassy could intervene and extradite guilty citizens back to the United States, where they received nothing more than a slap on the wrist. And the embassy invariably did just that. L’emasculation de la Police Judiciaire, Fache called it. Paris Match had run a cartoon recently depicting Fache as a police dog, trying to bite an American criminal, but unable to reach because it was chained to the U. S. Embassy. Not tonight, Fache told himself. There is far too much at stake. By the time Robert Langdon hung up the phone, he looked ill. â€Å"Is everything all right?† Fache asked. Weakly, Langdon shook his head. Bad news from home, Fache sensed, noticing Langdon was sweating slightly as Fache took back his cell phone. â€Å"An accident,† Langdon stammered, looking at Fache with a strange expression. â€Å"A friend†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He hesitated. â€Å"I’ll need to fly home first thing in the morning.† Fache had no doubt the shock on Langdon’s face was genuine, and yet he sensed another emotion there too, as if a distant fear were suddenly simmering in the American’s eyes. â€Å"I’m sorry to hear that,† Fache said, watching Langdon closely. â€Å"Would you like to sit down?† He motioned toward one of the viewing benches in the gallery. Langdon nodded absently and took a few steps toward the bench. He paused, looking more confused with every moment. â€Å"Actually, I think I’d like to use the rest room.† Fache frowned inwardly at the delay. â€Å"The rest room. Of course. Let’s take a break for a few minutes.† He motioned back down the long hallway in the direction they had come from. â€Å"The rest rooms are back toward the curator’s office.† Langdon hesitated, pointing in the other direction toward the far end of the Grand Gallery corridor.† I believe there’s a much closer rest room at the end.† Fache realized Langdon was right. They were two thirds of the way down, and the Grand Gallery dead-ended at a pair of rest rooms. â€Å"Shall I accompany you?† Langdon shook his head, already moving deeper into the gallery. â€Å"Not necessary. I think I’d like a few minutes alone.† Fache was not wild about the idea of Langdon wandering alone down the remaining length of corridor, but he took comfort in knowing the Grand Gallery was a dead end whose only exit was at the other end – the gate under which they had entered. Although French fire regulations required several emergency stairwells for a space this large, those stairwells had been sealed automatically when Sauniere tripped the security system. Granted, that system had now been reset, unlocking the stairwells, but it didn’t matter – the external doors, if opened, would set off fire alarms and were guarded outside by DCPJ agents. Langdon could not possibly leave without Fache knowing about it. â€Å"I need to return to Mr. Sauniere’s office for a moment,† Fache said. â€Å"Please come find me directly, Mr. Langdon. There is more we need to discuss.† Langdon gave a quiet wave as he disappeared into the darkness. Turning, Fache marched angrily in the opposite direction. Arriving at the gate, he slid under, exited the Grand Gallery, marched down the hall, and stormed into the command center at Sauniere’s office. â€Å"Who gave the approval to let Sophie Neveu into this building!† Fache bellowed. Collet was the first to answer. â€Å"She told the guards outside she’d broken the code.† Fache looked around. â€Å"Is she gone?† â€Å"She’s not with you?† â€Å"She left.† Fache glanced out at the darkened hallway. Apparently Sophie had been in no mood to stop by and chat with the other officers on her way out. For a moment, Fache considered radioing the guards in the entresol and telling them to stop Sophie and drag her back up here before she could leave the premises. He thought better of it. That was only his pride talking†¦ wanting the last word. He’d had enough distractions tonight. Deal with Agent Neveu later, he told himself, already looking forward to firing her. Pushing Sophie from his mind, Fache stared for a moment at the miniature knight standing on Sauniere’s desk. Then he turned back to Collet. â€Å"Do you have him?† Collet gave a curt nod and spun the laptop toward Fache. The red dot was clearly visible on the floor plan overlay, blinking methodically in a room marked TOILETTES PUBLIQUES. â€Å"Good,† Fache said, lighting a cigarette and stalking into the hall. I’ve got a phone call to make. Be damned sure the rest room is the only place Langdon goes.† CHAPTER 12 Robert Langdon felt light-headed as he trudged toward the end of the Grand Gallery. Sophie’s phone message played over and over in his mind. At the end of the corridor, illuminated signs bearing the international stick-figure symbols for rest rooms guided him through a maze-like series of dividers displaying Italian drawings and hiding the rest rooms from sight. Finding the men’s room door, Langdon entered and turned on the lights. The room was empty. Walking to the sink, he splashed cold water on his face and tried to wake up. Harsh fluorescent lights glared off the stark tile, and the room smelled of ammonia. As he toweled off, the rest room’s door creaked open behind him. He spun. Sophie Neveu entered, her green eyes flashing fear. â€Å"Thank God you came. We don’t have much time.† Langdon stood beside the sinks, staring in bewilderment at DCPJ cryptographer Sophie Neveu. Only minutes ago, Langdon had listened to her phone message, thinking the newly arrived cryptographer must be insane. And yet, the more he listened, the more he sensed Sophie Neveu was speaking in earnest. Do not react to this message.Just listen calmly.You are in danger rightnow.Follow my directions very closely.Filled with uncertainty, Langdon had decided to do exactly as Sophie advised. He told Fache that the phone message was regarding an injured friend back home. Then he had asked to use the rest room at the end of the Grand Gallery. Sophie stood before him now, still catching her breath after doubling back to the rest room. In the fluorescent lights, Langdon was surprised to see that her strong air actually radiated from unexpectedly soft features. Only her gaze was sharp, and the juxtaposition conjured images of a multilayered Renoir portrait†¦ veiled but distinct, with a boldness that somehow retained its shroud of mystery. â€Å"I wanted to warn you, Mr. Langdon†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Sophie began, still catching her breath,† that you are sous surveillance cachee.Under a guarded observation.† As she spoke, her accented English resonated off the tile walls, giving her voice a hollow quality. â€Å"But†¦ why?† Langdon demanded. Sophie had already given him an explanation on the phone, but he wanted to hear it from her lips. â€Å"Because,† she said, stepping toward him,† Fache’s primary suspect in this murder is you.† Langdon was braced for the words, and yet they still sounded utterly ridiculous. According to Sophie, Langdon had been called to the Louvre tonight not as a symbologist but rather as a suspect and was currently the unwitting target of one of DCPJ’s favorite interrogation methods – surveillance cachee – a deft deception in which the police calmly invited a suspect to a crime scene and interviewed him in hopes he would get nervous and mistakenly incriminate himself. â€Å"Look in your jacket’s left pocket,† Sophie said. â€Å"You’ll find proof they are watching you.† Langdon felt his apprehension rising. Look in my pocket? It sounded like some kind of cheap magic trick. â€Å"Just look.† Bewildered, Langdon reached his hand into his tweed jacket’s left pocket – one he never used. Feeling around inside, he found nothing. What the devil did you expect? He began wondering if Sophie might just be insane after all. Then his fingers brushed something unexpected. Small and hard. Pinching the tiny object between his fingers, Langdon pulled it out and stared in astonishment. It was a metallic, button-shaped disk, about the size of a watch battery. He had never seen it before. â€Å"What the†¦ ?† â€Å"GPS tracking dot,† Sophie said. â€Å"Continuously transmits its location to a Global Positioning System satellite that DCPJ can monitor. We use them to monitor people’s locations. It’s accurate within two feet anywhere on the globe. They have you on an electronic leash. The agent who picked you up at the hotel slipped it inside your pocket before you left your room.† Langdon flashed back to the hotel room†¦ his quick shower, getting dressed, the DCPJ agent politely holding out Langdon’s tweed coat as they left the room. It’s cool outside, Mr.Langdon, the agent had said. Spring in Paris is not all your song boasts.Langdon had thanked him and donned the jacket. Sophie’s olive gaze was keen. â€Å"I didn’t tell you about the tracking dot earlier because I didn’t want you checking your pocket in front of Fache. He can’t know you’ve found it.† Langdon had no idea how to respond. â€Å"They tagged you with GPS because they thought you might run.† She paused. â€Å"In fact, they hopedyou would run; it would make their case stronger.† â€Å"Why would I run!† Langdon demanded. â€Å"I’m innocent!† â€Å"Fache feels otherwise.† Angrily, Langdon stalked toward the trash receptacle to dispose of the tracking dot. â€Å"No!† Sophie grabbed his arm and stopped him. â€Å"Leave it in your pocket. If you throw it out, the signal will stop moving, and they’ll know you found the dot. The only reason Fache left you alone is because he can monitor where you are. If he thinks you’ve discovered what he’s doing†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Sophie did not finish the thought. Instead, she pried the metallic disk from Langdon’s hand and slid it back into the pocket of his tweed coat. â€Å"The dot stays with you. At least for the moment.† Langdon felt lost. â€Å"How the hell could Fache actually believe I killed Jacques Sauniere!† â€Å"He has some fairly persuasive reasons to suspect you.† Sophie’s expression was grim. â€Å"There is a piece of evidence here that you have not yet seen. Fache has kept it carefully hidden from you.† Langdon could only stare. â€Å"Do you recall the three lines of text that Sauniere wrote on the floor?† Langdon nodded. The numbers and words were imprinted on Langdon’s mind. Sophie’s voice dropped to a whisper now. â€Å"Unfortunately, what you saw was not the entire message. There was a fourth line that Fache photographed and then wiped clean before you arrived.† Although Langdon knew the soluble ink of a watermark stylus could easily be wiped away, he could not imagine why Fache would erase evidence. â€Å"The last line of the message,† Sophie said,† was something Fache did not want you to know about.† She paused. â€Å"At least not until he was done with you.† Sophie produced a computer printout of a photo from her sweater pocket and began unfolding it. â€Å"Fache uploaded images of the crime scene to the Cryptology Department earlier tonight in hopes we could figure out what Sauniere’s message was trying to say. This is a photo of the complete message.† She handed the page to Langdon. Bewildered, Langdon looked at the image. The close-up photo revealed the glowing message on the parquet floor. The final line hit Langdon like a kick in the gut. 13-3-2-21-1-1-8-5 O, Draconian devil! Oh, lame saint! P. S.Find Robert Langdon How to cite The Da Vinci Code Chapter 10-12, Essay examples

Mainframes And Supercomputers Essays - Mainframe Computer, Computer

Mainframes And Supercomputers Mainframes The oldest category of computers is the mainframe. Mainframe computers are capable of great processing speeds and data storage. They are generally stored in specially wired, highly air conditioned rooms. Because they produce large amounts of heat they produce they are water or air-cooled. Mainframes are made of thousands of light bulb like fixtures called vacuum tubes. They are typically the size of a jeep and range in price from $50,000 to $5 million. These machines are primarily used by large companies such as banks, insurance companies, and airlines, that handle millions of transactions. Mainframes were first produced in the 1940s. Some companies are still using the first mainframes produced such as the Univac. The world has invested one trillion dollars in mainframe computers, sixty percent of which were made and sold by IBM. With the invention of the microprocessor and printed circuit boards mainframes are often being replace by smaller networked computers. As time progresses ma inframes will be kept for some purposes, networks of smaller computers will grow, and the mainframe will be reinvented.(Hutchinson) The ENIAC was the first mainframe computer produced. It used 18,000 vacuum tubes, and occupied 1,800 square foot of floor space. It used punch cards for input and output. Supercomputers Supercomputers are the fastest computers every made. They generally range in price from $225,000 to $30 million. They are high capacity machines that require specially air conditioned rooms. Supercomputers are for people who need to model complex, lifelike situations. Supercomputers are used to simulate car crashed and for weather forecasting. The most powerful supercomputer, Janus, built by Intel, enables scientists to simulate the explosion of a nuclear bomb. In 1995 the National Science Foundation and MCI Communications established a 14,000 mile network called the Very-High-Performance Backbone Network Service(VBNS). The VBNS links the five highest concentration of supercomputer, each locations having up to six supercomputers, into the new internet. A scientist sitting at any machine could have access to any other machine on the network. Presently this network is only used by a very elite group of scientist for extremely complex projects. Technology Essays