Major Components Of The Criminal Justice System - 906 Words

Major Components of the Criminal Justice System Chelsea Sequeira 10/28/17 Citrus College AJ 101 Criminal Justice There are 3 major components of the criminal justice system; Police, Courts, and Corrections. These 3 systems work in harmony to enforce laws, punishments for violators of the laws, and to help correct the behaviors of criminals. The police system works closely with the public to investigate crimes, arrest offenders, maintain public order and provide emergency and related services. They also help reduce or prevent crimes, enforce public safety, and enforcing laws. The police make sure to protect the freedom and fundamental rights of people. The police system consist of people in the roles of: †¢ Police†¦show more content†¦It first starts with a crime being committed, let’s say Joe shot and killed Alex. A bystander reported the shooting to the police, the police and investigators that get assigned to this homicide, work with other members of the police system to investigate what happened and who was responsible for the crime. The police then determine that Joe shot and killed Alex. Joe is then found and arrested on murder charges. Now remember Joe is innocent until proven guilty by a judge or jury of his peers. This all happens within the Police system. The following happens with the Court system: Joe is then arrested and booked into the county jail until his initial appearance usually a very brief encounter in the court room in which the judge presents the defendant with a list of crimes his is being charged with and the maximum punishment that is preset by the law. He is then taken back to the jail and held until a preliminary hearing is set. He goes to the preliminary hearing where the judge determines if there is enough evidence to proceed with a trial. If judge doesn’t think there is enough evidence to support the charges the charges will be dropped or dismissed. If the judge proceeds with the charges the next time he is in court will be for a bail or detention hearing. During this hearing, the judge determines if Joe is eligible for bail, a set amount of money the criminal pays in order to beShow MoreRelatedThe Criminal Justice System Is A Big Part Of Why We Have Order1205 Words   |  5 PagesThe criminal justice system is a big part of why we have order. If there was no criminal justice system and its components that keep it running, the population would run wild. There are three major components of the criminal justice system, the criminal courts, corrections, and law enforcement. These components help uphold the law and protect people from others who do break the law. The world is not perfect, but there have been many examples in real life and in literature and films that show whatRead MoreCriminal Justice System Paper803 Words   |  4 PagesCriminal Justice System Paper CJA/204 Vonnie Cooper March 28, 2011 Ken Salmon The word â€Å"crime† means an illegal action that is prohibited by law or a breakage of certain laws set forth by the criminal justice system. When someoneRead MoreThe Three Components Of The Criminal Justice System1323 Words   |  6 PagesIn the criminal justice system, there are many components and rules that everyone must follow. The main three components are law enforcement, courts, and corrections. All three of these components interact with each other at one point or another in the criminal justice system. In the first phase, you have the law enforcement these are people that are looking for the individuals that are breaking the law. According to Smith (2017), â€Å"Law enforcement personnel are also responsible for bringing forthRead MoreThe Major Components Of Crime Prevention963 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen tasked to describe the major components of crime prevention. You might think that this is an easy thing to do however, there are many aspects to crime prevention and in order to define it we need to have an understanding of what crime prevention is. In this essa y I will give you my definition of what crime prevention is as well as describe the major components of crime prevention. I will explain the relationship of crime prevention to the Criminal Justice System. I will then give you twoRead MoreThe Doctrinal Design Has Been Used To Study The Jurisprudential1425 Words   |  6 Pagesis the status of child witnesses in the Criminal Justice system? 1.6 Chapterization Scheme:It should in sentence format CHAPTER NAME CONTENTS 1. Introduction Witness assumes additional significance in adversarial system of criminal justice where the onus of proving the case lies on the prosecution and the witness of prosecution becomes important in the pursuit of exploring the truth. 2. Criminal Justice System in India Our adversarial criminal justice system aims at reducing the level of criminalityRead MoreThree Components Of The Criminal Justice System950 Words   |  4 Pages The three components of the American criminal justice system are the police, courts, and corrections. These components operate independently of one another and maintain different goals, histories, and operating procedures (Neubauer Fradella, 2017). There are two commonly accepted models of the criminal justice system, the crime control model and due process model. These two models vary at the basic level, the crime control model aims to protect society at all costs while the due process modelRead MoreThe Three Components Of The Criminal Justice System888 Words   |  4 PagesFrancois Degboe B. Robinson Intro to Criminal Justice 07 September 2017 Most people don’t know about the three major components of the criminal justice system, but, in this paper the reader will know what they are. The reader will also read about how the three components interrelate to one another, and also how the conflict one another. The Three major components are Law Enforcements, Courts, and the Correctional System. According to Victims of crimes, Law Enforcement is when officers take reportsRead MoreCriminal Justice: Concept, Process, System, and Agencies Essay668 Words   |  3 PagesCriminal Justice: Concept, Process, System, and Agencies Helen Jordan-Seals CRJS 1001-12 – Contemporary Criminal Justice System July 29, 2012 The Criminal Justice System goes as far back as the days of Jesus. There were Soldiers who acted like policeman, the tribune which was the court system, and Caesar, Herod and even Pontius Pilate stood as judge. The prison system was that of dark caves and dungeons. As we journey to the twenty-first century, nothing has genuinely changed. Read MoreCompnents of the Criminal Justice System Essay822 Words   |  4 PagesComponents of the Criminal Justice System Byron S. Salter 03/03/12 CJA/204 Introduction to Criminal Justice Michael Paris The three major components of the criminal justice system are policing, corrections, and the courts system. They all work together to prevent crime and to punish those who have committed crime, but they can also work as individual units to make self service gains. This paper will go into detail the components of the criminal justice system; define what crime is and itsRead MoreCriminal Justice System : A System Of Law Enforcement1616 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The criminal justice system is a system of law enforcement that is directly involved in prosecuting, defending, sentencing, and punishing people suspected of crime or convicted of felony offenses. The criminal justice system is made of three major components; law enforcement, courts, and corrections. All have subcomponents that work together in order for the system to function properly and maintain order. The three major components have big backgrounds that lead up to the way they function

Are Children Of Illegal Immigrants - 1122 Words

PSA Essay Are Children of illegal immigrants entitled to a public education? Yes, as a matter of fact, they are! Their parents work for minimum wage and still pay taxes, therefor their child should be able to attend public school. How many Americans don’t work and live off the system, but yet their child still gets a public education? Most minors are placed under the care of the Department of Health and Human Services which offers education rights. After a while the child will be released into the United States with a family member or other â€Å"Guardian,† the child will still have education rights. So why wouldn t they be allowed to attend school? They have the right to go, why not use it? Americans are just lazy, but complain when illegals come here and get a job. There are so many American people that depend on the system, and live off it that are perfectly fine to work. Those are the first to complain about the immigrants and the children getting an education, saying they ca n’t get a job because of the illegals ,and the undocumented children are taking his/her child’s education away. All children are entitled to a public education. Under the federal law schools are obligated to provide education to all children but should not question immigrant status. In the most recent studies there are more than 840,000 immigrant students in the United States. The Department of Education said that ALL children are entitled to an education, regardless of their parents, nationalityShow MoreRelatedAre Children Of Illegal Immigrants1107 Words   |  5 PagesAre Children of Illegal Immigrants Entitled to a Public Education? Waking up in a homeland, a state or province, or a place of familiarity is a given for most kids, but what if one day, by no fault of their own, a child was to be uprooted and taken to a new world, so to speak. They are taken from all that they have known and been thrust into a new way of life for their family. The country, the culture, the language, the life style, and even the education is all new. Their family has chosen thisRead More Welfare For Children of Illegal Immigrants Essay4110 Words   |  17 PagesWelfare For Children of Illegal Immigrants The United States is in the midst of a major debate over immigrants and their place in our economic and political life. As during other times in our history, immigrants, are being blamed for causing or contributing to the social, economic and political ills of our society. Politicians from both major parties, at both the national and state levels, are promoting a range of punitive legislative proposals that single out immigrants for adverse treatmentRead More We Must Educate the Children of Illegal Immigrants Essay712 Words   |  3 PagesCalifornia and Texas, where immigrant populations are high. Recently, some citizens have been questioning whether we should continue to educate the children of illegal immigrants. While this issue is steeped in emotional controversy, we must not allow divisive us against them rhetoric to cloud our thinking. Yes, educating undocumented immigrants costs us, but not educating them would cost us much more. Those who propose barring the children of illegal immigrants from our schools have understandableRead MoreConsidering Children Of Illegal Immigrants by Frosty Woolridge ´s Article1062 Words   |  5 Pagesundocumented immigrants cost taxpayers colossal sum of money annually. Wooldridge holds that these undocumented immigrants give rise to offspring who become deeply bounded or rooted to this country and they in turn cost taxpayers a huge sum of money annually. Wooldridge’s editorial is one of the controversial discussions both at the congress level and the country at large. This argument is one of those that thwart or impede the implementation of the DREAM Act which is to help the children of undocumentedRead MoreChildren Of Illegal Immigrants Are At Risk Of Limited Supply Of Resources And Basic Needs1074 Words   |  5 PagesThe children born to illegal immigrants are at risk of limited supply of resources and basic needs. In fact, there is a limitation of access to quality education. It is troublesome for children born in the illegal family. Despite the precarious situation, the children are subjected to; the welfare of children of illegal immigrants can be secured in various ways. The US government is taking measures to ensure that the children are comfortable. In this regard, the government offers free housing andRead MoreChildren Born in the U.S. to Illegal Immigrants Should NOT Become American Citizens925 Words   |  4 PagesIllegal or Legal Children Children born in the U.S. to illegal immigrants should not become U.S. citizens. Many pregnant immigrant women are illegally coming into the country just to have their babies. These women get free medical attention for themselves and the baby. This is costing the U.S. millions of dollars every year. It’s time to end the policy that illegal immigrant mothers can stay in the U.S. just because she has given birth to a child that is now a citizen. These mothersRead MoreEffects of Immigration on the Economy Essay1387 Words   |  6 Pages| Illegal Immigrants Are They A Stress On Our Economy. | | | Joanna Przyborski | 10/27/2012 | | Illegal immigration is an issue that has been highly debated in the United States for decades, and the effects of these immigrants will be for many to come, especially with the country in a recession and many people in economic trouble. December 1, 2008 the National Bureau of Economic Research officially declared the U.S. in a recession. Before 2007, U.S. economy has grown inRead MoreIllegal Immigration And The United States1624 Words   |  7 PagesWhy is illegal immigration often viewed as a threat to the United States rather than being unscrupulous? With over 11.5 million illegal immigrants in the Unites States, opponents of illegal immigration dispute that concept of granting amnesty to these immigrants. These arguments include that certain jobs will be stolen, and an increase in crime rate would develop. Despite the fact that illegal immigration is controversial, recent studies and social trends have shown that granting amnesty to illegalRead MoreEssay on Cause and Effec t of Illegal Immigration 1344 Words   |  6 PagesIllegal immigration still remains as one of the major problems on the U.S-Mexico border in our country. The effect of having illegal immigrants in our country puts the U.S in a dire situation. Many people are even starting to question the authority of the U.S. Customs and U.S. Border Patrol agents. Even though Homeland Security is always consistently hiring for U.S customs and border patrol agents to watch over the southern border to make sure no illegal immigrants sneak into the U.S. Many peopleRead MoreIllegal Immigration Should Not Invest Or Enforce On Current Method Of Border Security Essay1579 Words   |  7 Pages Illegal immigration cases have been booming in an unprecedented rate in the U.S. since the late 1990s. To absolve this matter, border security has been enforced throughout the entire country with the objective to reduce the entry of illegal immigrants across the border, wherein such acts to do so has been initiate d such as the mass deportation of illegal immigrants, increasing security in national border and screening. This whole initiative has reduced the number of immigrants living in the U.S

What Would You Like to Ask Free Essays

A group of British Boys, Marooned on an Island A group of British school-boys find themselves marooned on an island (perhaps in the Pacific Ocean). They were being transported by an aircraft from England to some safer country on account of a nuclear war which had broken out in Europe. When, on the way, the aircraft caught fire the pilot released the detachable passenger-tube carrying the school-boys. We will write a custom essay sample on What Would You Like to Ask? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The passenger-tube crash-landed on this island, and most of the boys managed to come out of it although some were trapped in the passenger-tube which was soon carried away by the waves into the open sea and lost. At first the boys who have landed on the island get scattered but soon they are able to get together when one of the boys by the name Ralph, having discovered a conch-shell, happens to blow it. Ralph now suggests that the boys should have a chief to guide them and to direct their activities. A boy called Jack, who is the leader of a group of choir-boys, says that he should be accepted as the chief because he is chapter-chorister and head boy and because he can sing C sharp. But Ralph says that the chief should be chosen by votes. As the majority of the boys are in favour of Ralph, Ralph declares himself as the duly elected chief. Ralph now frames certain rules regarding the holding of meetings of the boys and about the conduct of these meetings. He says that, if anyone wishes to address the assembly at any meeting, he should ask for the conch and should hold the conch in his hands. Ralph Elected as the Chief. His Constructive Suggestion A conflict now begins between Ralph and Jack. Ralph had allowed Jack to continue as the leader of his choir-boys. Jack had the designated his choir-boys as the â€Å"hunters†. Having seen pigs on the island, Jack makes plans to hunt down and kill them in order to obtain meat for boys who feel fed up with the fruit which they have to eat everyday to keep themselves alive and who are craving for meat. Jack is a boy of an adventurous spirit, and the desire to hunt pigs becomes an obsession with him. Jack now begins to hate Ralphs because Ralph’s priorities are different from Jack’s. Ralph insists on the maintenance of the fire and the smoke, while Jack is wholly occupied with the hunting of pigs. Jack, having proved quite successful in his hunting expeditions, has won the support of the majority of the big boys who have come to be known as the â€Å"Biguns†. Jack therefore becomes increasingly defiant towards Ralph. Ralph now develops a liking for piggy who becomes an ardent supporter of Ralph. Jack hates Piggy even more than he hates Ralph. A beast on the Mountain-Top One morning Sam and Eric, who are twins and who had been put on duty one night to keep the fire burning, come in a state of deep perturbation from the mountain-top and tell Ralph and the others that they have seen a beast on the mountain-top and that the beast had tried to chase them in order to seize them. Ralph, Displaced By Jack. Simon’s Hallucination In the course of one such expedition, Jack offers the head of a slain pig as a gift to the beast in the hope that would not harm him and his hunters. Simon at this time is at his usual hunt in the forest and witnesses the action of Jack and his hunters and his hunters in offering a gift to the beast. Simon, Killed by Jack’s Hunters Jack has now begun to adopt the primitive method of tribal leaders. He refers to his followers as his â€Å"tribe† and he keeps his face painted all the time with red clay, white clay, and charcoal, asking his followers also to paint their faces in the same way. He has also begun to encourage mock-hunts in the course of which the boys dance and sing and chant certain words relating to their hunting operations and their killing of pigs. Jack and his followers now become more and more callous, with the result that, in the course of one mock-hunt, Simon is killed by the hunters. The hunters, in their frenzied excitement, had taken Simon for the beast and had pounced upon him. Jack does not experience the least regret over Simon’s death. Later, Jack accompanied by a couple of his supporters, raids Ralphs camp and takes away Piggy’s spectacles because he and his supporters need the spectacles in order to light a fire every time they want to roast pig-meat. Jack had now become quite oblivious of the to rescued from island ; but Ralph and Piggy are filling constantly worried as to whether any rescue will come, especially now when the cannot light a fire a fire and keep it burning as a distress-signal to the sailors of a passing ship. Piggy, killed. Ralph’s Life in Danger Piggy feels distraught because, without his spectacles he cannot see anything. He therefore says that he would go to Jack and demand the return of his spectacles. Ralphs thereupon calls jack â€Å"a swine† and â€Å"a bloody thief†. There is an exchange of blows between of blows between Ralphs and Jack. Then Piggy speaks and, addressing Jack’s savages, urges them to follow a sensible course of action instead of living like primitive savages. At this point Roger, who has become as savage as Jack, releases a rock from above in order to kill piggy. The Savages’ Pursuit of Ralph. Ralph, saved Ralph hides himself in the forest. But a little later he sees the twins standing guard at the entrance to Jack den. In a state of panic he runs out of the forest towards the beach. He stumbles and falls down on the sand. Thinking that now there is no hope for him, he cries for mercy. On looking up, however, he sees a British naval officer in full uniform standing close to him. Thus Ralph’s life has been saved. The officer says that he would take all the boys home. Ralph now bursts into tears. His whole body is shaken by spasms of grief. He weeps at â€Å"the loss of innocence†, at â€Å"the darkness of man’s heart†, and at the thought of the death of Piggy who was his true friend. Rescue had come, but two noble-minded and innocent boys have been killed in account of the brutality of jack. Evil had reigned supreme on the island for some time. The Allegorical Significance of the Story Golding wanted to demonstrate that the evil instincts in a human being would rise to the surface and assert themselves as soon as that human being has been liberated from the restraints of civilized. The majority of people in this world are inherently evil. Evil is ineradicable, and it asserts itself as soon as it finds a favourable climate. The favourable climate consists in the removal of the fear of law and in the removal of all those restraints which civilized life imposes upon human beings. How to cite What Would You Like to Ask?, Essay examples

Impact of Ethics and Sustainability on Business

Question: Describe about the Impact of Ethics and Sustainability on Business. Answer: Introduction It is observed that business ethics refers to the taking the right course. It is evident that while developing or expanding a business, the organization needs to focus on the ethical factors that could influence the business. This may include organizations production, business procedures and organizational behavior with the communities and the customers. It is also observed that sustainability could be about meeting the challenge of ensuring that future generation could enjoy the same quality or developed quality of the life style. Therefore, it can be mentioned that sustainability usually includes a long-term perspective on balancing the economic, social as well as the environmental impact of the business. The current report focuses impact of the business decisions on the stakeholders in terms of the sustainability and ethics. The report also provides the discussion on the major issues involved in the practice as well as decisions. Outlining the impact of the business decisions or practices on the stakeholders As put forward by Flora, Bonitz and Ribeiro (2013), the corporate social responsibility describe the way that business consider the finance, social as well as the environmental impact of the decisions and actions. This could be a significant issue in the current market since the mangers, leaders and the employees started to acknowledge the role that economic activities have in terms of environmental and social well-being. Furthermore, it has been identified that to increase the brand value and popularity, the brand takes help of CSR activities. As put forward by Moorthy and Jeyabalan (2012), a sustainable business profile could be more preferable and embraced by the customers. On the contrary, MacVaugh and Norton (2012) modern organizations have adopted the idea of social responsibility within their community. This happens when the organizations sense ethical responsibility for the interest and welfare of the society or the community. For example, the organization like Life Drugs imp lemented this philosophy to bring the positive change to their stakeholders live. The company takes the imitative of cleaning the environment, managing charitable donations and participating in the community events. This could result in community benefits. This means that the company gains a sense of community loyalty, which increases their brand value. Therefore, it can be mentioned that implementation of the sustainability in business is an effective idea to achieve sustainable growth in the business. On the contrary, I have also observed that products decisions could largely influence the stakeholders and may provide significant benefits to the customers and benefits. The investors usually want good quality of products that could return expected amount of profits. Hence, the customers are largely concerned with the quality of the products and pricing and other value added services. This, I could explain with an example; if the company Life Drug had to go through a large class-action suit, as their best hard drug is proved to affecting the patients. It was further found that organization neglected the early lab tests warning that created such as potential effect. Hence, this inadequate decision to sell the product in the market led to negative impact to investors because the stock price went down. Identifying the major issues involved in the practice and decision It has been identified that due to the increased emphasis on the business ethics over the last three decades. Consequently, the business is going through the troubles due to the lack of proper direction as well as issues like logic and reasons. The major issues that business deals with are professional ethics and employee right issues that can be further divided into different categories. On the contrary, the business faces some functional issues. In addition to this, the organizations in the current era also deal with the issues such as suppler and customer relations. The workers and the employees should consider the ethical issues that are involved with their relationships between suppliers as well as the customers. In this context, Ferrell and Fraedrich (2015) commented that business owners need to considers whether it is ethical to do business with the suppliers who tend to maintain unethical practices. In addition, at the time of dealing with the customers and business people mu st ensure that they could utilize their information appropriately. For example, the organization should not show any false content in the advertisement while promoting the products. Akrivou and Bradbury-Huang (201) focuses on the copyright and the patent issues. As stated by Schaltegger, Ldeke-Freund and Hansen (2012), cutting down the edge organizations in the tech industry could sometimes face aggressive patent litigations. The organizations could sit on the parent for years and they hope that another firm inadvertently violets them, to receive easy money through patent as well as copyright lawsuit. Apart from the functional issues, the organizations have to deal with some legal issues filed by government of the country. For example, in the recent time Coca Cola in Indian market would pump a huge amount of fresh water from the underground water table. This practice has led to groundwater levels in the area of dropping to critical. This incident instigated the local residents especially who are farmers. Agriculture sector suffer from the crises of water. Therefore, when the organization gets into the legal trouble, they might lose their market share (Biedenweg, Monroe and Oxarart 2013). Identifying any legislations which prohibits/supports the practices While running the business in both domestic as well as the global environment, the organizations would have to implement certain regulations imposed by the trading council or the government the country. For example, a]n increase in the corporation tax has a particular effect as in increase in the cost. It is observed that the business could pass some of this tax on to the customers in higher price; nevertheless, it could affect the bottom line. On the contrary, it is observed that anti-trust and competition laws have certain effect on the organizations. Hence, the organizations require the employees to comply with the anti-trust as well as competition laws of the countries where the organizations run the business. However, the significant legislation faced by the companies in the current era of business is the taxation (Beckmann, Hielscher and Pies 2014). Conversely, I have found a real example, the country legislation have less influence on the business. For instance, David Cameron told Federation of Small Business conference that almost 300 rules are affecting the business need to be amended (Gov.uk 2016). The declaration makes it clear that country is going impose new regulations on the business, which could bring profit to the organization or put pressure on them. Providing the recommendation The organizations need to implement certain policies and procedures that are related to business practices and ethics. Firstly, the all units involved in the organization or the business should implement the ethics are effective for the organizations and stakeholders. Practice through benchmarking- When it comes to applying the best practices, the firms could do it through benchmarking, which could allow the business to compare with other successful buinsss.ths also help to highlight the areas that need improvement. Likewise, some other business pracfices could help the business to increase the growth and sustain the business. The business practices include forecasting, financial planning, strategic planning and performance monitoring. Summary On the completion of the report, it can be added that ethics are a set of moral standards that organizations could rely on reaching conclusion and implementing the decisions. In a competitive business environment, the ethics could be a key factor in responsible business decision making. The discussion helps to learn that by maintaining high ethical standards, the business could provide benefits to external as well as the internal stakeholders of the business. Conversely, environmental sustainability in the business field includes the practice of making decisions that are in the favor of protecting natural world. Reference list: Akrivou, K. and Bradbury-Huang, H., 2015. Educating integrated catalysts: Transforming business schools toward ethics and sustainability.Academy of Management Learning Education,14(2), pp.222-240. Beckmann, M., Hielscher, S. and Pies, I., 2014. Commitment Strategies for Sustainability: How Business Firms Can Transform Trade?Offs Into WinWin Outcomes.Business Strategy and the Environment,23(1), pp.18-37. Biedenweg, K., Monroe, M.C. and Oxarart, A., 2013. The importance of teaching ethics of sustainability.International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education,14(1), pp.6-14. Ferrell, O.C. and Fraedrich, J., 2015.Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Flora, G., Bonitz, J. and Ribeiro, K., 2013. Ethics Sustainability. Gov.uk. (2016).Government welcomes business-led plan to cut EU red tape - Press releases - GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/government-welcomes-business-led-plan-to-cut-eu-red-tape [Accessed 27 Nov. 2016]. MacVaugh, J. and Norton, M., 2012. Introducing sustainability into business education contexts using active learning.International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education,13(1), pp.72-87. Moorthy, R. and Jeyabalan, G., 2012. Ethics and sustainability: a review of water policy and management. Schaltegger, S., Ldeke-Freund, F. and Hansen, E.G., 2012. Business cases for sustainability: the role of business model innovation for corporate sustainability.International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development,6(2), pp.95-119.

Discovering the Hero Within Essay Essay Example

Discovering the Hero Within Essay Essay A Lesson Before Dying was set during the clip of segregation. During this clip black people were slaves and white people had all the power. It neer crossed a black adult males mind that he could of all time be considered a hero. The two chief characters. Jefferson and Grant. are holding problem understanding how to be work forces. and that the simple Acts of the Apostless of kindness they perform can do them heroes. Before their gallantry can be discussed. it is of import to understand how the relationship between those two work forces began. Jefferson is a immature black adult male who was wrongfully convicted of robbery and slaying of a white adult male in a spirits shop shoot- out. His attorney told the jury he was excessively stupid to hold committed a slaying and that he was nil more so a â€Å"hog. † Nevertheless. Jefferson was sentenced to decease by burning. We will write a custom essay sample on Discovering the Hero Within Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Discovering the Hero Within Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Discovering the Hero Within Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He takes the â€Å"hog† remark to bosom and no longer seems to care about anything or anyone around him. Jefferson’s godmother. Miss Emma. does non desire him to decease thought he is a pig. She wants him to decease a adult male with self-respect. Therefore. she seeks the aid of Grant Wiggins. who she asks to see Jefferson. and learn him how to be a adult male before he dies. Unfortunately. Grant is confused about his ain life and what a adult male is supposed to be. Grant is a adult male who left his hometown to foster his instruction at a university. He resents his life because he came back and became a instructor. but he does non believe he is doing a difference with his pupils or people in his community because of the segregation that is still traveling on. He wants to run away from his jobs. Even though he does non believe he could do a difference. he still does Miss Emma the favour of traveling to see Jefferson. While sing Jefferson. Grant becomes his close friend. He realizes why Jefferson feels he is a pig and why Miss Emma wants him to decease a adult male. Grants ends up being the lone individual Jefferson will open up to. so he tells Jefferson to give something back to his godmother and go a hero for her and their full community. Rivera 2 With their background understood. now it is possible to understand why Grant does non see himself a hero. but believes Jefferson can go one. Allow defines a hero as. â€Å"Someone who does something for other people. He does something that other work forces can’t and won’t do. He is different from other work forces. He is above other work forces. No affair who those other work forces are. the hero. no affair who he is. is above them. A hero does for others. He would make anything for people he loves. because he knows it would do their lives better. † Grant feels he does non run into the definition of a hero because he has ever done what everyone has expected of him. by making nil but Teach. He feels he has done nil to turn out his self-respect or love for anyone. Allow hates his life and wants to populate for himself. his adult females and cipher else. He has neer decided to alter his life. The ground Grant believes Jefferson can and will go a hero is because he can give his godmother the gift of standing and walking to the electric chair and decease a adult male. Jefferson can turn out to the white work forces that he is non merely another black adult male and he is non a pig. He can turn out that he has self-respect. a bosom and love for his godmother and his people. In the terminal. both Grant and Jefferson are heroes. Allow performs a random act of kindness for Miss Emma and Jefferson faces his destiny by walking to the electric chair a adult male. They both have done things for others and have done things other work forces â€Å"can’t and won’t do. † They are both above other work forces and hold proven that they have self-respect. a bosom and love for others. Allow Teachs Jefferson how to decease a adult male and at the same clip learns to go a adult male himself.

Ariosto essays

Ariosto essays Italian poet, remembered primarily for his ORLANDO FURIOSO, published in its final version in 1532. Ariosto's work was the most celebrated narrative poem of the Italian high Renaissance, and the first example of modern poetry to provoke widespread critical controvesy. Ariosto was born in Reggio Emilia, as the son of Count Niccol Ariosto. At the age of then his family moved to Ferrera, where he studied law from 1489 to1494. There he also started to study Latin and Greek language and literature. When his father died in 1500, Ariosto assumed for some years the management of family estates as the eldest of 10 children. In 1502 he became commander of the fort of Canossa, and the next year he entered the service of Cardidal Ippolito d'Este. In 1513 Ariosto met Alessandra Benucci. After the death of her husband, Tito Strozzi, she became Ariosto's mistress. Because the family had settled comfortably in Ferrara, Ariosto refused to accompany Cardinal d'Este to Hungary, and entered the service of Alfonso I, Duke of Ferrara, Cardinal's brother. In 1522 he was sent to govern the Garfagnana region in the wildest part of the Apuan Alps. He returned after three years from the bandit-ridden post to Ferrara. In about 1505 Arisoto began writing Orlando Furioso. The poem was a continuation of Matteo Maria Boiardo's Orlando innamorato. Its first edition appeared in Venice in 1516 and was later revised in 1521 and 1532. The main character, Orlando, goes mad (furioso) because his love for the beautiful Angelica is not returned. Other themes are the war between Christians and Saracens, and the secondary love story of Ruggiero and Bradamante. Orlando Furioso presented a rich variety of characters, mixed romance, epic, and lyrical poetry, and made fun of outmoded chivalric manners. Later the poem had a profound influence on such poets as Tasso, Spenser, and Lope de Vega. It also fascinated artists, and in the mid-1700s G.B. Tiepolo painted in...

People of Filipino Heritage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

People of Filipino Heritage - Essay Example The literature review unveils some key findings that can be a hindrance to the provision of culture competent care. In communication, the Filipinos culture requires a nurse to demonstrate a high level of understanding and compassion through the use of the right and respectful title for the elderly. Nonverbal communication and respect for personal space are other aspects that will make communication effective. A brief look at the family organization and roles reveals that roles are given to members according to their age and ability. Those who can work fend for the family while the elderly are caregivers to the infants and the young. In health care, Filipinos use both traditional and contemporary medication. The traditional or herbalist intervention is the initial consultant before resorting to hospitals if conditions persist. Economic stagnation and a constantly growing labor force in the Philippines is the main cause of its emigration policy. The aim of this emigration policy is to export the surplus labor to other parts of the world and alleviate the level of pressure that the home economy is facing in an attempt to provide jobs (Zontini, 2010). In this study, the asymmetry of migration by gender is also a subject of discussion. Many of the literature cited in this work point to the socio-economic aspects of life as the main cause of migration from Philippines. The patterns of emigration of the Filipinos by gender have a number of differences. For most Filipino women, the countries that they migrate to present opportunities for female related jobs like nursing and health related functions. For their male compatriots, the countries they migrate to provide opportunities in fields that are labor intensive and masculine jobs. Examples of the counties that the males migrate to are Gulf region countries with oil and that provide labor intensive jobs. Females, on the

Critq. of 2 current medical dictionary's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critq. of 2 current medical dictionary's - Essay Example dictionary contains the latest of the medical terms and the definitions provided are quite easy to understand even by layman as they are written in simple English and since many include examples, it becomes easy to correlate the meanings. The definitions are accurate and also include pronunciation phonetics along with singular/plural forms. Abbreviations have been provided so as the definitions do not exceed over pages! Etymologies or word origins of many words have been provided as well, as many of the medical terms have Latin origin, for further understanding and ease of memorizing the word. For example, if we know that â€Å"logy† means study, and â€Å"cardio† means pertaining to heart, then we can understand that cardiology is the study of the heart. Many terms also have certain statements in color, which bring attention of the user to special considerations that ought to be noted during practice. This is especially helpful as they work as tips, and are sometimes n ot even included in textbooks. In addition, a new section containing 100 most frequently prescribed drugs have been compiled. Some of the information is available in tabulated form for better correlation and a methodical approach to certain terms. A great feature of the hardcover edition, the one that I reviewed is that it contains a section containing various diseases along with their symptoms, diagnosis and treatments, which can come very handy for medical students. Another great point about this dictionary is that it prints synonyms for the various medical terms, which are useful for correlating various medical problems. The appendix included information regarding complementary and alternative medicine, prefixes/suffixes. There are more than 700 illustrations and 500 color pictures, according to Amazon, which has given this book a rating of four and a half stars! The illustrations include colored and labeled diagrams, pictures and charts, and are definitely very informative and o f superb quality.

Advanced Financial Accounting; Corporate Social Responsibility Essay

Advanced Financial Accounting; Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example The policy of CSR operates is self regulated and built in a mechanism in which a business ensures and monitors its compliance with the spirit of ethical standards, the law as well as international norms. When employed, CRS aims at embracing responsibility for the actions of the business and encourage desired impacts through its operations on the consumers, environment, stakeholders, communities and employees (Kvaal and Nobes, 2010, p. 180). CRS aids the business’s mission and guides it to stand for the will of its consumers. Sustainability development embraces business ethics through applying ethics that examine moral and ethical principles that are common in any business environment. CRS ensures a sustainable development approach to the business’s economic development, responsible environmental management and social progress (Luez and Verrecchia, 2000, p. 100). This follows the fact that CSR helps the organizations to have continued commitment to contribute to the deve lopment of the economy at the same time behaving ethically to improve the life quality of the employees as well as the local society and community at large. Businesses over the years have been promoted through CSR strategies now that the public, consumers and the investors expect them to be responsible and sustainable (Milllon, 1993, p. 1). In selected cases, CSR may result in a number of environmental, social and economic pressures and has been regarded as a strategy to divert the attention of interested parties from the environmental impacts and negative social impacts. The above situation has led to scholars to argue that businesses tend to tame the sustainability concept to imply that it is more than just an environmental and social engagement that businesses can be able to easily accommodate (Neville, 2012, p. 37) Businesses focus their strategies on identifying and employing CSR forms that lead to win-win situations for the wider stakeholders and business. They consider CSR as an extensions of the existing management toolkit meant to enhance shareholders wealth through offering business new opportunities and this is can be achieved through sustainable development like coming up with financial value, improving their management system, encouraging innovation, transparency to stakeholders, continuous improvement, risk awareness and enhancing reputation (Sheeba, 2011, p. 95.  ). Apart from considering CSR as a trade off or managerial distraction against profits, case proponents promote the idea of having the corporations taking charge of their social environment making it part of their main business activity. Including social considerations in the decisions of the business and employing a leadership role in social matters can also be looked at as means of promoting a light-handed strategy to regulations (Shim & Siegel, 2008, p. 81). CSR can end up reducing the future regulation prospects and be regarded as an alternative to business regulations. In such a context, CRS is hence mainly placed in the traditional framework of creating value for the owners of the business through putting more interest in the possibility of a win-win situation. Managing, understanding and responding to the expectations of shareholders can be looked at as self-interests that have been enlightened (Siegel & Shim, 2008, p. 29) Most businesses justify their approaches and strategies by referring only the positive correlations between profits, the activities of CSR and shareholders returns (Freidman, 2002, p. 63). This however should not be the case as any approach assumed by a business in relation to CSR depends on how ethical investment is defined and that

Pros And Cons Criminal Profiling In Criminal Cases Criminology Essay

Pros And Cons Criminal Profiling In Criminal Cases Criminology Essay Many people who hear someone say they are a criminal profiler they are inclined to think of T.V. depicted shows such as Profilers, Criminal Minds and movies like Silence of the Lambs. Unfortunately, these examples portray a glamorous classification of capturing criminals (Fulero and Wrightsman, pg.79). Criminal profiling is considered to be the process of analyzing a crime scene and using the information found to determine the identity or features of a perpetrator. Although this does not give you the perpetrators name, it can be helpful in narrowing down suspects. For example, a profiling based on a crime scene provides information that may include personality, sex, age, ethnic background, and possible physical features such as scars, tattoos, birthmarks, or height and weight of the perpetrator. This type of information can be used to identify possible suspects, but it also depends on who fits the profile (www.mtholyoke.edu). The process of psychological profiling was first used as a method in America during the 1950s. Investigators found fascinating patterns and similarities between serial killers behaviors. Selected patterns found consist of the killers having suffered from abuse at a young age. Whether it was sexual or physical this kind of abuse led to abnormal behaviors later on. During a range of young ages through teenage years, they would start fires and they were cruel to animals or other children. Then in the late teenage years to early twenties, were engaging in petty crime and defying authority (www.library.thinkquest.org). According to some, committing serious criminal acts usually starts at about or around the persons mid to late 20s. Particularly at this older age range being able to manipulate victims and show a significance of power or domination is a main motivation for criminals, as well sexual intentions. Murdering someone gives the perpetrator sense of control in which they have never had before. Some criminals feel that they need to relive the events that occurred during the murder or crime, so they take something of personal value from the victim. Such as, jewelry, clothing and they go as far as body parts (www.library.thinkquest.org). Â   Personality is considered by many to be one of the most important parts of criminal profiling. The personality profiles of criminals are the way in which a crime is committed, also known as the method of operations or M.O. The M.O. includes the identity of the victim, what the victim or victims have in common, the weapons that were used, the lack of sympathy, and the sign of any torture and/or sexual molestation. Analyzing these aspects of the crime scene, an investigator can determine the motives of the perpetrator. This can lead to the description of the perpetrators personality, or a personality profile (www.mtholyoke.edu). Appropriately, criminal profilers have methods in which they operate by. According to www.criminalprofiling .ch, there are seven profiling methods and six scientific approaches to profiling of criminal suspects. In the profiling methods, the first is the evaluation of the criminal act itself. Included in the act would be the M.O. and the signature. The signature is in disregards to why he does the acts he does, or the thing that fulfills him emotionally. Then an evaluation of the precision of the crime scene or scenes would be taken. An analysis of the victim or victims is conduced, this is also known as victimology. Victimology is the thorough study and analysis of victim characteristics. The characteristics of an individual offenders victim population of choice, in a single offense or over time, can lend themselves to deductive inferences about offender motive, modus operandi, and the determination of crime scene signature. Subsequently, an evaluation of the preliminary police reports is seized, as well as the medical examiners autopsy protocol. As a result, the set up of a profile with critical offender characteristics is constructed. Lastly, an investigative suggestion to a prediction on the construct of the profile is constructed. The next level is to check with local investigators and propose practical strategies to get the unidentified subject or UNSUB to make a move. Then there are the scientific approaches to profiling criminal suspects. Initially there is profiling inputs. Inside this first stage an accumulation of all information about the crime is pulled together. Information that includes physical evidence from the crime scene, photographs of the crime scene, any autopsy reports and photos, witness testimonies, background information about the victim or victims and police reports. At this stage the criminal profiler does not want to know about suspects because it could cause a prejudice direction to their profile. Second are the decision process models. Within the decision processing model the profiler organizes all information into questions and patterns through many dimensions of criminal activities. Questions such as, what type of homicide has been committed, what is the primary motive of the crime and so on. Third is the crime assessment. Based on the findings of the other stages, the profiler tries to recreate the behavior of the offend er and the victim. For example, as general profiling rules say: vile facial injuries are directed to killers who know their victims, murders committed with any weapon that happens to be available display greater impulsivity than murders committed with a gun and may reveal a killer who lives rather closely to the victim and murders performed early in the morning rarely involve alcohol or drug use (www.criminalprofiling.ch). Fourth is the initial criminal profile. This is where the profiler formulates the scetch of the most likely suspects. The majority of usual profiles include such items as the perpetrators race, marital status, sex, age, where they live, employment history, past criminal records, psychological characteristics and beliefs and values. Fifth is the investigation stage. The investigation stage involves a written report that is given to the investigators that concentrate on suspects matching the profile. Most likely the police have already talked to the suspected but ha d no reason to doubt the suspects testimony. Still, if evidence is introduced at this stage the profile would need to be revised. Preceding the investigation stage is the apprehension stage. Ultimately, the main objective of the stages was to capture the right suspect which in turn leads to the interview technique. With the purpose of getting the perpetrator to confess or talk about the crimes he has committed, this technique can lead to helping in assessing he influences of background and psychological variables (www.criminalprofiling.ch). Investigators putting together a profile use another two approaches inductive and deductive. Inductive profiling imply believing that when a criminal commits a crime they have relate motive or experience of someone who has committed the same type of crime . An example of this is re-offending rapists whose target is white women, more often than not are most likely not to be black. Based on the fact that crimes in the past that have been similar have rarely crossed racial lines. However, these statements have been inquired and have encountered a lot of publicized negative aspects. Deductive profiling involves a process that avoids generalizations and averages. This method involves carefully studying suspects in great detail and changing findings in when new evidence emerges. A deductive profile is established on the offenders actions prior to, in the course of and after committing the crime. For example, if the murderer used a provisional weapon, the investigators are then able to assume that the crime was most likely random. Another example entails serial murderers. At this juncture, investigators are able to find out if the murder was organized. Which means that the killer carried out a planned attack on the victim, or if the attack was disorganized the murder was unplanned and the killer conducted themselves in an inexact way. Organized killers tend to carry a tool kit that has a mask, gloves, duct tape and rope. With these tools they can bind their victims while hiding their identity and not leave finger prints. The Inductive profiling model, due to the lack of training and education of those who use it, has been proven to be an unreliable investigative tool. No standard terminology exists to describe offender behavior, and no classifications that have been developed have been absolutely validated. Still, those classifications have been developed using the same structure and philosophy as the DSM, short for The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, despite the intention that the DSM be used for the purposes of treatment, and not being designed for the purposes of criminal investigation. The adoption of this clinical model, then, serves no other real purpose than to lend pseudo-clinical credibility to the classification. The model arguably does not serve the purpose that it was designed for. Additionally, initial statistical analysis based on unproven classifications and non-uniform terminologies are no replacement for a thorough forensic reconstruction, crime scene analysis, and victimological assessment in either a criminal investigation or in a court of law. Given this fact, and given the extensive liability of police departments in high profile cases involving overly enthusiastic investigators armed with Inductive Profile evidence, and the generally unacceptability of Inductive Profile evidence in a court of law, the practice of teaching investigators purely Inductive Profiling methods should end. The Deductive Profiling method, although more time devoted to investigators, will prove to be more valuable because of its beneficial use as a guide, its ability to link together crimes, and because of its extremely high providing of proof value in terms of thoroughly establishing signature and motivation. Briefly, the Deductive Profiling method promotes refection, capability, carefulness, and requires an elevated degree of intra- and extra-departmental unification and communication. The Inductive Profiling method supports selfishness, short-cuts, and has been used before to substitute an experienced investigation into fact. Criminal profiling is used not only to find possible offenders, but it also helps narrow down a list of offenders that the police have already compiled. Although it doesnt work in every case, criminal profiling has helped investigators to catch many criminals. Through assessing the patterns and motives of previous criminals, criminal profiling allows investigators to accurately predict the characteristics of future and current offenders, which allows killers and other perpetrators to be caught before they can continue on to other crimes (www.wisegeek.com). Predictable, criminal profiling does have disadvantages, or cons. Some cons to criminal profiling involve not being able to identify a specific suspect nor reveal a certain individual, let alone an address or phone number. There are even instances when perpetrators purposely staging crime scenes to throw police and investigators off the right track. In many instances, the profiler will not know that area making more room for erroneous conclusions. Furthermore, profilers tend to have more background knowledge in psychopathology than the little background they have in forensic or criminal knowledge. Hence if the investigators and profilers do not work together it can cause the investigation to go unsolved because the information collected from both parties has not been collaborated. While there are cons or disadvantages to criminal profiling not surprisingly there are the pros to criminal profiling. A few advantages comprise of being able to help police with an investigation by making judgment from the crime scene that will give the authorities an idea of how to catch the criminal. There are two types of offender profiling which are the Top-down approach and the Bottom-up approach. The Top-down approach looks at the evidence and data of previous crimes and how they have been solved. The Bottom-up theory seems to profile a criminal in the opposite way. It takes the evidence with the data and builds it up until a reasonable conclusion is reached. Although many people in todays society watch television and see shows that involve criminal profiling, it is a huge misunderstanding of what profiling can truly accomplish. Criminal profilers operating in the sensitive area of criminal investigations receive greater public attention and therefore, will have to display caution in the conclusions they draw in a case. It is always important to recognize that the results of the profiling process are only as proficient as the original investigative efforts and processes which provide or fail to provide the physical evidence from which criminal behavior is reconstructed.

Severe Burns: Neutrophil and Complement Levels Essay -- Medicine

Mortality rate in burn patients continues at a steady 5-10%, 75% of those deaths are related to sepsis (2). In order to understand why, we must elucidate the nature of the innate immune system in these patients. The innate immune system is the first line defense versus pathogens from the outside world. Burn patients receive a double hit to their first line defenses due to the nature of thermal injury to tissue. The skin barrier is breached, the inflammation begins, and though the numbers of neutrophils increases substantially in response to the elevations in compliment activation at the tissue level (1), it seems that the behavior of these neutrophils is aberrant (2). Neutrophils in burn patients were found to be impaired in their ability to adhere, phagocytose, and kill off pathogens via the oxidative burst. Additionally, they were found to have decreased migration speed with abnormal directionality in response to chemoattractants (2). One study suggested that neutrophils in burn pa tients became desensitized to C5a. In the rich inflammatory cytokine milieu, which develops after a severe burn, complement levels increase dramatically, but neutrophils downregulate their C5a receptors and their migratory directional speed decreases (3). This is the perfect situation for the wandering pathogen to invade and sneak past the body’s defenses in the chaos of a massive breach in security. Three studies are presented here to describe the relationship between complement and neutrophils in the severely burned patient. Van de Goot et al. demonstrated that plasma complement levels initially decreased, then rose sharply and stayed elevated for months afterward. Complement levels correlated with the severity of the burn wound and subsequent sc... ...enter around how to control the inflammatory response to the thermal injury such that wound healing occurs more quickly with less scarring, while preserving the patients’ ability to fight infectious agents with normal neutrophil responses. Works Cited 1. Van de Goot et al. Acute Inflammation is Persistent Locally in Burn Wounds: A Pivotal Role for Complement and C-Reactive Protein. Journal of Burn Care and Research 2009; 30:274-280. 2. Butler KL, Ambravaneswaran V, Agrawal N, Bilodeau M, Toner M, et al. (2010) Burn Injury Reduces Neutrophil Directional Migration Speed in Microfluidic Devices. PLoS ONE 5(7): e11921. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011921 3. Solomkin JS, Nelson RD, Chenoweth DE, Solem LD, Simmons RL. Regulation of Neutrophil Migratory Function in Burn Injury by Complement Activation Products. Annals of Surgery 1984; Vol 200 No. 6: 742-746.

Identifying the science involved in nuclear fusion Essay

Both windings of the transformer is what the current is induced from to heat up the plasma. Although this type of Ohmic heating technique can heat plasmas into temperatures of around 20-30 million Kelvin, it is not quite effective because the amount of heat generated depends on the resistance between the plasma and the current (the Joule Effect which states that the amount of electrical energy produced is dependent upon the resistance of the substance through which electricity is passing). The reason for the ineffectiveness of Ohmic heating from the Joule effect principle is because at temperatures of over 1 million degrees centigrade, the electrical conductivity of the plasma is very high which means that there is very low resistance. In needing higher temperatures for larger fusion reactions to occur, other methods of plasma heating are introduced to enhance the Ohmic heating technique (in order to reach higher temperatures for bigger scaled fusion reactions to occur). Neutral Beam Heating: This is an enhancing plasma heating technique of ohmic heating whereby accelerated neutral beams of deuterinium or tritium ions are injected into the already heated plasma. The beams of ions carry large kinetic energies and are neutralized in order for easier access through the magnetic fields confining the plasma. When these beams are injected into the plasma, electrons are lost and the nuclei become ionized due to high temperature particle collisions (making them positively charged ions). â€Å"In the series of subsequent ion-ion, ion-electron and electron-electron collisions, the group velocity of beam ions is transferred into an increased mean velocity of chaotic motion of all plasma particles†. This results in the neutral beam of ions heating up the pre heated plasma and increasing it’s temperature by a maximum of 21MW. http://www. jet. efda. org/pages/focus/006heating/index. html#ohmic Lower Hybrid Current Drive: This additional pre-heating technique is a process whereby micro electromagnetic waves of up to 10MW propel charged particles in a plasma at 3. 7GHz of cycles per second to produce currents of up to 3MA which increases plasma temperature. http://www. jet. efda. org/pages/focus/006heating/4c. jpg Radiofrequency Heating: This type of plasma heating technique is also known as Ion Cyclotron Resonant Heating (in a more scientifical understanding). It is a process whereby the antennae in the vacuum vessel of the tokamak â€Å"propagate waves in the frequency range of 25-55 MHz into the core of the plasma to increase the energy of the ions† thus increasing the temperature for more fusion reactions to occur. This heating method provides additional energy of up 20MW of power t http://www. jet. efda. org/pages/focus/006heating/index. html#ohmic Magnetic Confinement Of Plasma A magnetic field is defined as a force produced by moving electric charges or currents that exerts a power on other moving charges. Because the incredible temperature of plasma (which is over 100 million i C) inside the tokamak cannot be contained inside the inner vessel walls of the nuclear reactor alone, the use of magnetic fields gives an alternative technique in actually restraining the high temperature plasma particles from touching the walls of the reactor. This is called confinement. The reason why plasma is restrained from touching the walls of the reacting vessel is that it cools down very rapidly and terminates itself at once when contact is made. A plasma is made up of ionized particles. In the absence of magnetic fields, the ionized particles move in straight lines and in random directions. This eventually leads to contact with the inner chamber walls of the reacting vessel and results in the plasma quickly cooling down and terminating itself. But when a constant presence of a magnetic field is introduced, the ionized particles in the plasma flow through these fields in a spiral path on the magnetic lines. The movement of the particles across the magnetic field lines are restricted and this also prevents contact to the walls of the containment vessel. Below is a picture illustrating the movement of charged particles with and without the presence of magnetic fields: . http://www. plasma. inpe. br/LAP_Portal/LAP_Site/Text/Plasma_Confinement. htm On the torus, there two main components of magnetic fields used. The main type of magnetic field used in the plasma confining process is the toroidal field. This is a field whereby 32 large (D-shaped) coils surround the vacuum vessel of the nuclear reactor and when current flows around these coils, a toroidal magnetic field is generated which controls the position of the plasma inside the torus and also modifies the poloidal field (the second magnetic field). The other magnetic field (the poloidal field) is produced by current being flown through the plasma which is initially induced from transformers. The created poloidal field with the combination of the toroidal field confines the plasma well and stabilizes it which allows confinement times of plasma temperatures to be longer. . http://www. fys. uio. no/plasma/plasma/norsk/tokamak. gif Limitations Of The Jet Fusion Tokamak The foremost limitation on the Jet fusion tokamak is the small amount of time the plasma lasts for inside the reactor. This is because of the plasma being continuously cooled down by tiny impurities inside the chamber walls. Also, the efficiency of the fusion reaction inside the nuclear reactor is quite an important aspect of limitations that has a need to be solved. This is because large amounts energy are put in initially just to start the fusion reaction at a plasma state and only half the energy is acquired when fusion is completed. On a typical Jet experiment, 30MW of energy is the power input used and only 16MW of energy is successfully extracted out from the reactor as power output . From an efficiency equation (Pout / Pin), this gives an efficiency of 53. 3% . Another important limitation of fusion reactions inside the tokamak reactor is the instability of the plasma that has a need to be controlled. This is because of excited and charged particles inside the plasma wanting to escape as they are being compressed into higher temperatures. Although this is controlled by the use of magnetic fields, the slightest error in confining these charged particles could result in the plasma escaping and quickly cooling down and thus all the total energy put initially put into the reaction being wasted. Also if the plasma escapes, this results in it touching the inner walls of the tokamak and eroding or damaging the components surrounding the plasma and by therefore reducing the lifetime of these components. Although these problems or limitations cause less energy efficiencies inside the tokamak, modern day advances of computer aided technology is gradually providing remedies in sorting these limitations out. Future Developments. From my knowledge of future developments in nuclear reactors, experimental studies which is currently being carried on the JET experiment is believed to provide some detailed background information in acquiring similar basic properties in the building process of ITER.. Currently, The JET experiment holds the world record for released fusion power at 16 million Watts (16MW). This is â€Å"a value comparable to the power needed for heating one thousand households in a cold winter. † http://www. jet. efda.org/pages/focus/010jetanditer/index. html#overall In future developments, it is predicted that the ITER experiment which is estimated to finish construction at the end of year 2006 in France would release an amazing fusion power of 500 Million Watts. This, by my accurate calculations, is enough to power up to 31,250 homes on a cold winter night. The future properties of ITER when construction is finished is going to be entirely based around a hydrogen plasma torus which would operate at temperatures of above 200 Million i C and also by the use of super conducting coils to generate high temperature plasmas which would yield better energy efficiencies give more energy outputs. In the size of ITER’s components compared to the current JET nuclear reactor, ITER is estimated to be 10 times bigger than JET in size. Bibliography Books Name Of Book Authors Name ISBN Number Name Of Publisher’s Year Of Publishment Understanding Physics For Advanced Level (Second Edition) Jim Breithaupt 0-7487-0510-4 Stanley Thornes Publishers Ltd 1990 Salters Horners Advanced Physics Heinimann 0435 628909Heinimann Educational Publishers 2000. Internet 1) http://www. jet. efda. org/images/gallery/images/82-348cmed. jpg. 2) http://www. plasma. inpe. br/LAP_Portal/LAP_Site/Text/Plasma_Confinement. htm 3) http://www. sbf. admin. ch/htm/international/org/fusion-e. html 4) http://europa. eu. int/comm/research/energy/fu/fu_rt/fu_rt_mc/article_1227_en. htm 5) http://www-fusion-magnetique. cea. fr/gb/fusion/principes/principes01. htm 6) http://www. jet. efda. org/pages/focus/006heating/index. html#ohmic 7) http://www-fusion-magnetique. cea. fr/gb/fusion/principes/principes01. htm.

Quality pertains to how the work was performed Essays

Quality pertains to how the work was performed Essays Quality pertains to how the work was performed Paper Quality pertains to how the work was performed Paper Quality is to be understood in a broad rather than a restrictive sense. Quality pertains to the ability of an individual to deliver the desired result efficiently by following the instructions properly. Quality pertains to how the work was performed and its effect on the patient or consumer. It is better to deliver a work with quality meaning it was done with proper care and attention rather than do a task just for the sake of doing it. Passion can also be equated with quality in that if a person loves what he or she does the latter is sure to deliver results that are beyond the expectations of the patient in healthcare. Quality can also be interpreted to mean going the extra mile or moving out of the comfort zone to ensure that the task is performed without room for error. It is very important to measure quality of care in a healthcare environment because those who work in this field deal with the lives of their patients. Workers serve as instruments for their patient in the sense that the former can have an effect on the latter. For example, a patient who is lonely and without any remaining family members would require a higher standard of care and it would really help if the worker would show compassion and understanding to the patient. A worker can influence the patient by his or her delivery of care to have a positive outlook in life. A worker who can show great care to his or her patient would allow the latter to feel important and this could really be of help in the recovery process of a sick patient. The most important determinant as to whether or not quality was delivered is to see its result on the patient. A worker was able to work properly if the patient is happy and contented. This is because the effect on the patient of the quality of work could determine as to whether or not the job was effectively done or not. (Zieger, A. September 19, 2008. Study: Quality of U.S. Healthcare lags despite high spending) Reference: Zieger, A. September 19, 2008. Study: Quality of U.S. Healthcare lags despite high spending. Retrieved on May 16, 2009 from website fiercehealthcare.com/story/study-quality-u-s-healthcare-lags-despite-high-spending/2008-09-19.

Character and Caricature

Character and Caricature Character and Caricature Character and Caricature By Maeve Maddox In an NPR story about the election of Scott Brown to Ted Kennedy’s vacated Senate, a Massachusetts legislator, Jim Vallee, declared: â€Å"He’s not a one-dimensional caricature.† Caricature does not mean the same thing as character. And it is character that is often characterized (!) as being â€Å"one-dimensional.† Novelists do not want to be accused creating of one-dimensional characters: imaginary people who are entirely good or entirely evil. Real people are rarely one-dimensional. Hitler is said to have liked dogs and classical music. Hannibal Lecter enjoys a nice Chianti. In a novel, a one-dimensional hero who never has an unworthy thought, or a villain who lacks some flicker of humanity, comes across as flat and uninteresting. The OED offers nineteen definitions for the noun character. The definition that applies in the context of the Vallee quotation is: The sum of the moral and mental qualities which distinguish an individual . . . A caricature, on the other hand, is intrinsically one-dimensional, or at least lacking in depth. As an artistic rendering, a caricature exaggerates a person’s most noticeable feature. For example, Obama’s ears, Leno’s chin, Bette Davis’s eyes. Defined by the OED, a caricature is An exaggerated or debased likeness, imitation, or copy, naturally or unintentionally ludicrous. Here’s a quotation in which the word caricature is used correctly: The joy of learning is as indispensable in study as breathing is in running. Where it is lacking there are no real students, but only poor caricatures of apprentices who, at the end of their apprenticeship, will not even have a trade. Simone Weil Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Based in" and "based out of"Work of Art TitlesWhat is an Anagram?

Second draft area studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Second draft area studies - Essay Example Art was quite heavily improved in the region of India under the Mughal rule as they developed several paintings that were rich in color. The art work was highly influenced by the Persian art work and this was because the Mughals invited Persian artists to come to India and provide training to the locals to produce similar high quality art work. Due to this the locals were able to create art work that comprised the essence of the art of both the Persians and the Indians. Another major contribution made by the Mughals to the society of India was that they taught the locals about how to tolerate each other’s religious and cultural practices. The tolerance towards culture was quite clearly depicted by different Mughal emperors especially by Babar and Akbar who are regarded as two of the greatest Mughal rulers. Both Babar and Akbar were Muslim leaders but they had immense tolerance towards the Hindu religion. During the period of Akbar several Hindu worship homes including temples were developed. Doniger states that Akbar was completely tolerant towards the Hindu religion and he believed that both the Hindus and the Muslims can live together peacefully. He allowed Man Singh to develop several temples in the region of Vrindaban and he himself provided material for the development of these temples (Doniger 560). Akbar further professed tolerance towards other religion by abolishing taxes that had been imposed on individuals who were not Muslims. There were various factors that contributed towards the end of the era of Mughal Empire. The Mughal Emperor who was highly responsible for the downfall and miserable end of the empire was Aurangzeb. The very first action due to which Aurangzeb came into power became one of the causes of the decline of Mughals. He attained the rule by taking the life of his own brother and imprisoning his own father. Due to this his own relatives stood against him. He performed various activities that

Wooden Post Ltd Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Wooden Post Ltd - Essay Example Study of the case of ELITE HOTELS GROUP plc was done and the observations are indicated in the criteria for judging the adequacy of the solution. A vision of the WOODPOST LTD after consolidation is also conceived and presented at the end. The paper ends with a conclusion as also indicating the learning outcome. On strategic analysis of the market of WOOD POST LTD, the following three options are offered as viable long term strategies by a business consultancy firm of international reputation, to overcome the slow down of the business due to recent growth in United Kingdom market. For investment purposes, the 'life' of the project is assumed to be 10 years. All the cash flows are expressed in 'real' terms (that is, after allowance for inflation). In view of the relatively risky nature of the project, the Finance Director of WOODEN POST asserted that the 'normal' hurdle rate of 8% 'real' should be increased to 10%. But this has produced some debate among members of the management team some of whom considered that the effective cost of capital was zero since existing cash resources will be used. Quite apart from all these factors, further investigations into the acquisition established that cash

Critically discuss how knowledge of the chronic radiation induced long Essay - 1

Critically discuss how knowledge of the chronic radiation induced long term side effects have impacted on current treatment practices - Essay Example Wallace and Lorrie (2002) observe that fatigue is the most common and severe of all side effects of radiotherapy. Side effects caused because of radiotherapy are so dangerous that some result in serious permanent disabilities, death, or even some short-term side effects to the cancer infected patients who are undergoing radiation. Patients can evade this menace if doctors or radiologists take careful precautions. However, these prevention methods depend on the type of cancer that one is suffering from. It is worth noting that the intensity of side effects of radiotherapy treatment depends on which target tissues the treatment is being directed. The side effects may be minimal according to the type of tissue receiving the treatment. This paper explores the techniques of treating cancer, their side effects and the modifications in place to reduce the impacts on patients in future. The research paper will focus on fatigue, as the most serious side effect in treatment of cancer. Fatigue is the most serious side effect caused by radiotherapy. It is common among patients suffering from cancer, undergoing radiotherapy. This is an observation made by Wallace and Lorrie (2002) in their research. Fatigue has, among many, the following symptoms: loss of energy, being weak, problem of thoughts and being too moody. Fatigue comes because of the following techniques of radiotherapy during prostate cancer treatment. During radiotherapy, most of the cells usually die. This causes destruction of blood vessels around the tumors. This interferes with transport of blood into the tissues. Inadequate oxygen in cells lowers rate of respiration hence low energy quantities in the body. Discussed below are improved radiotherapy techniqu es, aimed to reduce the said fatigue. 3D conformal radiotherapy uses computer technology and radioisotope to concentrate the high radiation dose to the tumors while deterring the

Schools as Organisations Essay Example for Free

Schools as Organisations Essay Outcome 1 1. 3) Explain the post 16 options for young people and adults. The opportunities for pupils aged 16 and over have traditionally been either to leave school and start employment, or to stay and continue with their education. Although many pupils do still choose one of these options, it is likely there will be more opportunities available as there has been an increased government focus on and funding of education for 14 to 19 year olds, and in particular a focus on reducing the number of young people not in education, and employment or training post 16. Under the old labour government it was that by the end of the September of the year that each young person leaves compulsory education, they will have a place in further learning available. The September guarantee was implemented nationally in 2007 and was later extended so that 17 year olds who have completed a short course or have chosen to leave the activity they selected on completing school will have the opportunity to extend their learning. The September guarantee Under the last labour government, the guarantee was the following: Full or part-time education in school, Sixth Form College, independent learning provider or Further Education College. An apprenticeship or programme-led apprenticeship, which must include both the training element and a job or work placement. Entry to employment. Employment with training to NVQ level 2 The reason behind these requirements is that by 2013, all pupils will be required to continue in education or training to at least 17 years of age. This does not mean that they will be required to remain in school, but they should be following one of the pathways above. It is possible that under the new government these may change.

Complication In Grand Multi Parity

Complication In Grand Multi Parity Grand multi parity is the condition of giving birth after the 28th weeks of gestation, following 5 or more previous viable babies. Grand multiparae is relation to obstetric performance is labeled high risk. High risk pregnancy is define as one in which the mother, fetus or newborn will be at increased risk of morbidity or mortality at or after birth. The risk to the mother and child is relatively high in first pregnancy and then this risk decline during second, third and then slowly rises with increasing parity by the sixth pregnancy risks exceeds these of 1st and after that rises steeply with each pregnancy1. Grand multiparous have been considered to be at higher risk of developing antenatal complications. These complications include gestational diabetes, hypertension, anemia, placental abruption, placenta previa, preterm labour, mal-presentation, mal-position, fetopelvic disproportion and intra-partum complication, uterine intertia, dysfunctional labour, uterine rupture, intrauterine death, marosomia and subsequent operative delivery with its consequent risk of maternal mortality and morbidity2,3. Postpartum haemorrhage also more common in grand multipara. Munim noted in her study PPH was three times more common in grand multipara4. Grand multiparity reported to increased both maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality5,6. It is generally accepted that GMP is risk factor of obstetric complication but recently a few reports have appeared in the literature showing that this might be fiction rather than fact. Toohey et al, Fayed et al, and Kaplan et al, addressed the obstetric performance of great grand multipara but they concoluded that such women were not a high risk group7,8,9. Brunner et al, in 1992 concluded that grand multi parity should be regarded as an obstetric risk factor, mainly because of the higher frequency of placental complication and with good obstetric care there should be no advice affects to the mother or newborn10. The incidence of grand multipara has decreased in most western countries in recent years due to better socioeconomic status and high use of contraception11,12,13. In third world countries like Pakistan the large families are still common. Grand multi parity is a common problem in this part of world and when added to low socioeconomic status, it significantly increases the risk to mother and fetus8,14,15. OBJECTIVES The objective of our study were To compare obstetrical complications between grand multiparae and low parity women. To study the frequency of maternal and perinatal mortality associated with complications of grand multi parity. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION GRAND MULTIPARAE: Grand multiparae is woman who has delivered five or more babies after 28 weeks, weighing more than 500 grams. LOW MULTIPARAE: Low multiparae is woman who has delivered less than five (para 1-4). HYPOTHESIS: Obstetrical complication are more in grand multiparae than the low parity women. MATERIAL AND METHODS SETTINGS: This study was conducted in Obstetric / Gynaecology Unit-I, Civil Hospital, Karachi and Sheikh Zaid Women Hospital Larkana. DURATION OF STUDY: One year from 1st July 2008 to 31st March 2009 at Civil Hospital Karachi and 1st April 2009 to 30th June 2009 at Sheikh Zaid Women Hospital Larkana. SAMPLE SIZE: A total of 200 pregnant women were selected randomly, were divided into two groups with 100 women in each group. Group I consistent of women with parity five or more, and group II consisting of women with parity one to four. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE: Probability. SAMPLE SELECTION: Sample selection was done according to the following inclusion and exclusion. INCLUSION CRITERIA: All pregnant multiparous women. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Primigravida. STUDY DESIGN: Comparative, cross sectional DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE: A 200 women were admitted in our ward through out patient department or emergency, or referred by private clinics or traditional birth attendants were selected. These cases were divided into two groups. Group I consistent of 100 women of parity five or more and group II consistent of 100 women were admitted during the same period with parity one to four. On admission patients history was taken in detail. Age, parity, socioeconomic status, detailed obstetrical history, past history were recorded and previous record was received to detect antenatal complication including anaemia, PIH, APH, and malpresentation , pre-term labour. Anemia was taken as haemoglobin of 11 g/dl, PIH was defined as blood pressure of > 140/90 millimeter mercury after 20 weeks of gestation with or without protenuria on two or more occasion 6 hours apart. Bleeding from genital tract after 24 weeks gestation was taken as APH. Ultrasonography was done in non-booked cases when there was suspicious of malpresentation which was defined as presenting part of fetus in other than cephalic in relation to maternal pelvis. Preterm labour was defined as labour before 37 complete weeks gestation. During labour patients were managed according to units protocol and partogram recording was used to evaluate the progress of labour. The intrapartum complications included prolonged labour and ruptured uterus. Mode of delivery was also recorded. After delivery, the patients were monitor for 24 hours for primary PPH which was taken as blood loss estimated to be more than 500ml after normal vaginal delivery and 1000ml after caesarean section. The maternal death if any was recorded with its cause in detail. Neonates were followed for neonatal complication which included, LBW, macrosomia, perinatal death. Birth weight of < 2.5 kg was taken as LBW and > 4.2 was taken as macrosomic babies. Admission to NICU. Perinatal deaths (PND) included all intrauterine death (IUD) and early neonatal deaths (ENNDs). Data was collected through special proforma, neonatal follow up recorded was also entered in the same proforma. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data analysis was performed through SPSS version-10.0. Frequencies and percentages were computed for presentation of all categorical variables of the study including age, booking status, mode of delivery, pregnancy related complications, intrapartum and postpartum complications, maternal and fetal mortality, and birth weight. Chi-square test was applied to compare age, booking status, mode of delivery, pregnancy related complications, intrapartum and postpartum complications and birth weight between low parity and high parity groups. Fishers exact test was applied to compare maternal and fetal mortality and nursery care admissions between low parity and high parity groups due to typically low expected count (< 5). Statistical significance was taken at p < 0.05. RESULTS Commonest age group in both study groups was 20 25 years in which total 76 patients were observed, however this age group was significantly higher (46% vs. 30%, p=0.001) in low parity group that high parity group while older age group of the study 36 40 years was higher in high parity group than low parity group (4% vs. 15%). So the age distribution was significantly different in two groups (Table-1). Most of the patients in my study were unbooked, i.e. 131 % (Table-2). Booking status between two groups was statistically insignificant (p=0.344). Anemia was significantly higher in high parity group than low parity group (89% vs. 62%, P = 0.001); while abruptio placentae, PIH and malpresentations were significantly higher in high parity group than low parity group (p < 0.01). Placentae previa, preterm labour and twin pregnancy were insignificant between two groups (Table-3). Out of 200 women in this study, 21 (10.5%) underwent caesarean section and 179 (89.5%) normal vaginally delivered (Figure-1). In high parity group, proportion of women who underwent caesarean section was significantly higher in high parity group than low parity group (16% vs. 5%, p=0.011). Intrapartum and postpartum complications found insignificant between two groups at p < 0.05 (Table-4). No maternal death was observed in low parity group but one (1%) maternal mortality was observed in high parity group, however difference of maternal mortality rate was insignificant (p = 0.999) between two groups (Figure-2). Significantly high number of fetal mortalities was observed in high parity group than low parity group (16% vs. 4%, P = 0.999) (Figure-3). We observed 8% NICU admissions in high parity group that was not statistically significant (p 0.213) as compared with 3% NICU admissions in low parity group (Figure-4). Table 1: AGE DISTRIBUTION (n = 200) Age (years) Group Total Low parity (n = 100) High parity (n = 100) 20 25 46* 30 76 26 30 40 29 64 31 35 10 26 36 36 40 4 15* 19 * Shows significant difference (X2 = 18.6, d.f = 3, p = 0.001) Low parity: Parity 2-4, High parity: Parity > 4 Table 2: COMPARISON OF BOOKING STATUS (n = 100) Booking Group Total Low parity (n = 100) High parity (n = 100) Booked 32 23 55 Unbooked 62 69 131 Referred 6 8 14 * Significant difference (X2 = 2.13, d.f = 2, p = 0.344) Key: Booked = 3 or more antenatal visits. Unbooked = < 3 or no antenatal visits. Table 3: COMPARISON OF PREGNANCY RELATED COMPLICATIONS BETWEEN TWO GROUPS (n = 100) Complications Group p-value Low parity (n = 100) High parity (n = 100) Anemia 62 89 0.001 Placentae Previa 5 7 0.55 Abruptio placentae 2 11* 0.018 Preterm labour 5 6 0.760 Pregnancy induced hypertension 4 14* 0.024 Malpresentation 2 15* 0.001 Twin pregnancy 2 4 0.68 * Shows statistically significant difference at p < 0.05. Figure-1: COMPARISON OF MODE OF DELIVERY BETWEEN TWO GROUPS * Significant difference (X2 = 6.44, d.f = 1, p = 0.011) Table 4: COMPARISON OF INTRAPARTUM AND POSTPARTUM COMPLICATIONS BETWEEN TWO GROUPS Complications Group p-value Low parity (n = 100) High parity (n = 100) Obstructed labour 3 4 0.70 Ruptured uterus 1 1 Retained placentae 0 2 0.50 Postpartum hemorrhage 2 4 0.68 * Shows statistically significant difference at p < 0.05 Low parity: Parity 2-4 High party: Parity > 4 Figure-2: COMPARISON OF MATERNAL OUTCOME BETWEEN TWO GROUPS * Significant difference (p = 0.999) Figure-3: COMPARISON OF FETAL OUTCOME BETWEEN TWO GROUPS * Significant difference (Fishers exact test, p = 0.005) Figure-4: COMPARISON OF NURSERY ADMISSION BETWEEN TWO GROUPS (n1 = n2 = 100) * Significant difference (Fishers exact test, p = 0.213). Low parity: Parity 2-4 High parity: Parity > 4 NICU = Neonatal intensive care unit DISCUSSION This comparative, cohort study was conducted in largest hospital of Karachi to find out whether grand multi parity is risk factor for obstetrical complication when compare to low parity. Despite of availability of modern obstetric facilities, women in our society not intend to get book for antenatal care because they are too busy at their home and lack of awareness about health care, We found in our study that most of the patients in both groups coming in Civil Hospital, Karachi were non-booked and referred from different areas with complications. Unbooked 13% and 14% referred from different areas. In our study the grand multipara were older then low parity women. Increased age of GMP women put them additional risk for complication. As our study was not age matched study. So, the age matched study should be done for the proper risk assessment. This study shows that antenatal complication such as anemia was more common in grand multiparae. A Salick, et all also found same result in th eir studies 16. Anemia is more common in grand multipare because of poor nutrition, repeated pregnancies, low socioeconomic status. Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) was more common in our study, these women were relatively older than low parity and my study was not age matched study. Munim S, et al., found in her study statistically significance difference in the induced of the PIH that was 15.4% in grand multipare compared to the 9.3% in low parity women 4. Although the patients in here study were booked patients, she reported that higher prevalence of these complications may be explained on the increased age of these women. In spite of increased incidence of PIH the superimposed pre-eclampsia and eclampsia was no more common in my study.4. Regarding the antepartum haemorrhage, abruptio placentae is more common in GMP. Although number of placenta previa was increased in grand multi parity than low parity but not statistically significant. Heija AA, also found in his study that abruptio placentae is more common in grand multipareae. He state that the high parity is significant etiological determinant of placental abruption 2. The malpresentation was more common in grand multipare especially breech was more common than the low parity. Malpresentation in grand multipara is common because increasing laxity of anterior abdominal wall musculature, failing to act as a brace to encourages and maintain a longitudinal lie, encourages malpresentation 17. Preterm labour was same in both groups. Aziz FA, studied the grand multipare Sudanese women and found the incidence of pre-term labour was increased in these women 18. The intra partum complication like obstructed labour result was same in both groups in both cases patients was referred and reason was abnormal fetal position. we found 1 case of Ruptured uterus in each group, both these are patient were referred from private hospital, both were older age, both were mismanaged with syntocynon but low parity woman was survive and grand multiparous woman was die. Our study showed no statistical difference in postpartum haemorrhage between both groups. Page L in her series of study has reported that same result. She found no direct association between grand multiparae and PPH.63 Some other studies have shown that increased risk of PPH is associated with increased age not with increasing parity. Munim et al, noted in her study PPH was three times more common in grand multiparae 4. Our study showed caesarean section is significantly increased in grand multipare than the low parity, this because of malpresentation and obstructed labour, antepartum haemorrhage. One maternal death found in my study this unfortunate woman belong to low socioeconomic class, had obstructed labor due to macrosomic baby and mismanaged with syntocinon referred in state of shock despite of emergency laparotomy, blood transfusion, and resuscitation she could not survive because she was already anemic had bleed a lot and die due to cardiac failure. As regard the neonatal outcome parity is considered as important factor in determining the birth weight of baby. Many investigators have reported association of LBW with grand multiparae. But in my study low birth weight was common in low parity as compare to grand multiparae. There was no significant increased incidence macrosomic babies in grand multiparae, compare with international literature. In our study perinatal mortality was significantly increased in grand multi parity it mainly because of abruptio placenta, PIH, obstructed labour and preterm birth. CONCLUSION It is concluded from my study that antenatal complications like pregnancy induced hypertension, abruptio placenta, anaemia, malpresentation, Caesarean deliveries and perinatal mortality were more common in grand multiparae then the low parity group and multi parity is still a major obstetric hazards in our set up with higher incidence of complications.

Mission of God Essay -- The Bible, Genesis

Mission of God When one comes across the question â€Å"Who is God for them?† they could present a lot of definitions on what they think God is. To some, they would revere God as the Supreme Being that has created the whole universe in seven days. Some would note that He is the Loving, Caring, Sympathetic and Ever-Forgiving God that watches over us and guides us away from the darkness of our hearts. Many would state that He is the only Divine Being that everyone must obey and worship. This answer many vary if one comes from another religion, but all would agree that this God is a very special being that connects each and every one of us. But if one is asked the question â€Å"What do you think is God’s Personal Mission to us and to the world?† the answers may be unclear and even not be answered at all. This paper would try to answer this particular question by identifying and discussing the Mission of God through the passages in the Old and New Testament and the themes corresp onding to this Mission. This paper would also discuss the implications of the Mission of God to the contemporary Australian Church as an example of discussing the effects it has on the teachings of the Church. According to Jennings (2003), the mission of God can be traced from the first book of the Old Testament; the Book of Genesis. In summary, the first book tells readers how God began to create the world and the lives of the first humans He has watched, tested and protected. But looking closely in the first few chapters of the book, God presented his plans and mission for the world he has created in the first eleven chapters of this particular book. Jennings cited that God’s love is concentrated to His creations, especially in man; specifying his mission that He... ...rst travels after the time of Christ and how he came across the will of God and His mission. Most leaders in Jerusalem question the Gentiles and why they are accepted in the Church. But James, another disciple of Christ, remembered Jesus’s teachings from the books of Law, Prophets and Psalms from the Old Testament and prevented a massive argument from brewing between the Jews and Gentiles. Both authors speculate on how James got to remember this particular teaching of Christ but they both agree that James noted that the Word of God in form of the Gospel is not meant just for Jews but also for the Gentiles and other races that flock God’s church. (Wills, 1979) ; (Peters, 1972) Now that the mission of God is properly outlined in both the Old and New Testaments of the Bible, what are its implications upon the different churches that studied and valued its teachings?